different between the vs case

English

Pronunciation

• (when stressed)
  • enPR: th?, IPA^(key): /?ði?/
  • Rhymes: -i?
    • (variant, preconsonantal) enPR: th?, IPA^(key): /?ð?/
• (when unstressed and prevocalic)
  • enPR: th?, IPA^(key): /ði/
• (when unstressed and preconsonantal)
  • enPR: th?, IPA^(key): /ð?/ (but see notes below)

Etymology 1

From Middle English the, from Old English þ? m (“the, that”, demonstrative pronoun), a late variant of s?, the s- (which occurred in the masculine and feminine nominative singular only) having been replaced by the þ- from the oblique stem.

Originally masculine nominative, in Middle English it superseded all previous Old English nominative forms (s? m, s?o f, þæt n, þ? pl), from Proto-West Germanic *siz, from Proto-Germanic *sa, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Cognate with Saterland Frisian die (“the”), West Frisian de (“the”), Dutch de (“the”), German Low German de (“the”), German der (“the”), Danish de (“the”), Swedish de (“the”), Icelandic sá (“that”) within Germanic and with Sanskrit sá (“the, that”), Ancient Greek ? (ho, “the”), Tocharian B se (“this”) among other Indo-European languages.

Article

the

1. Definite grammatical article that implies necessarily that an entity it articulates is presupposed; something already mentioned, or completely specified later in that same sentence, or assumed already completely specified. [from 10th c.]

   I’m reading the book. (Compare I’m reading a book.)

   The street in front of your house. (Compare A street in Paris.)

   The men and women watched the man give the birdseed to the bird.

   • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     I sleep in the bedroom!

2. Used before a noun modified by a restrictive relative clause, indicating that the noun refers to a single referent defined by the relative clause.

   The street that runs through my hometown.

3. Used before an object considered to be unique, or of which there is only one at a time. [from 10th c.]

   No one knows how many galaxies there are in the universe.

   God save the Queen!
4. Used before a superlative or an ordinal number modifying a noun, to indicate that the noun refers to a single item.

   That was the best apple pie ever.

5. Added to a superlative or an ordinal number to make it into a substantive. [from 9th c.]

   That apple pie was the best.

6. Introducing a singular term to be taken generically: preceding a name of something standing for a whole class. [from 9th c.]
   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, page 536:

     Stern and God-fearing, the Afrikaner takes his religion seriously.

7. Used before an adjective, indicating all things (especially persons) described by that adjective. [from 9th c.]

   Feed the hungry, clothe the naked, comfort the afflicted, and afflict the comfortable.

8. Used to indicate a certain example of (a noun) which is usually of most concern or most common or familiar. [from 12th c.]

   No one in the whole country had seen it before.

   I don't think I'll get to it until the morning.

9. Used before a body part (especially of someone previously mentioned), as an alternative to a possessive pronoun. [from 12th c.]

   A stone hit him on the head. (= “A stone hit him on his head.”)

10. When stressed, indicates that it describes an object which is considered to be best or exclusively worthy of attention. [from 18th c.]

    That is the hospital to go to for heart surgery.

Usage notes

Alternative forms

• ?^e (obsolete), ?e (archaic): variant spelling of the.
• ye (archaic)
• de (eye dialect, AAVE)
• da (d'), teh (informal or dialectal)
• t' (Northern England)
• th'

Synonyms

• le

Derived terms

Translations

References

Etymology 2

From Middle English the, thy, thi, from Old English þ? (“by that, after that, whereby”), originally the instrumental case of the demonstratives s? (masculine) and þæt (neuter). Cognate with Dutch des te ("the, the more"), German desto ("the, all the more"), Norwegian fordi ("because"), Icelandic því (“the; because”), Faroese tí, Swedish ty.

Adverb

the (not comparable)

1. With a comparative or with more and a verb phrase, establishes a correlation with one or more other such comparatives.

   The hotter(,) the better. (comma usually omitted in such very short expressions)

   The more I think about it, the weaker it looks.

   The more money donated, the more books purchased, and the more happy children.

   It looks weaker and weaker, the more I think about it.

2. With a comparative, and often with for it, indicates a result more like said comparative. This can be negated with none.

   It was a difficult time, but I’m the wiser for it.

   It was a difficult time, and I’m {none - not any} the wiser for it.

   I'm much the wiser for having had a difficult time like that.

Usage notes

This is called the "comparative correlative", but it is also known as the "correlative construction", the "conditional comparative", or the "the...the construction".

Derived terms

• nevertheless
• nonetheless

Translations

Etymology 3

Preposition

the

1. For each; per.
   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:the.

See also

Anagrams

• -eth, ETH, Eth, Eth., HET, TEH, eth, eth-, het, teh

Crimean Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

Article

the

1. the
   • 1562, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq:

     omnibus vero dictionibus praeponebat articulum tho aut the

     [he/she] placed the article tho or the before every word

Usage notes

While it is likely that Crimean Gothic retained grammatical gender, de Busbecq's letter does not mention which articles are used with which words, making it impossible to reconstruct their gender.

Danish

Noun

the c

1. Alternative spelling of te (“tea”)
   • 2016, Thorkild Hansen, Genklang: Rejser og portrætter 1959-89, Gyldendal A/S ?ISBN

     Vi vågnede ved 6tiden og lavede dejlig the.

     We got up at about 6 AM and made lovely tea.

   • 2015, Lotte Heise, Tina Bryld, Selvfølgelig skal hun bo hos mig: om at bo med sin handicappede mor, Gyldendal A/S ?ISBN

     Hun smiler over hele femøren, da duften af te breder sig: ”Uha, dejlig the.”

     She smiles broadly, as the scent of tea spreads: ”Oh, lovely tea.”

Declension

Eastern Arrernte

Pronoun

the

1. I (first person singular pronoun)

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Hadza

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t?e/

Pronoun

• the m (fem. theko)

1. you (thou)

Related terms

• ethebee

Interlingua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /te/

Noun

the (plural thes)

1. tea

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [h?]

Adjective

the

1. Lenited form of te.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Article

the

1. Alternative form of þe (“the”)
   • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 1-2.

     Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote

     The droghte of March hath perced to the roote

Etymology 2

Pronoun

the

1. Alternative form of þe (“thee”)

Etymology 3

Pronoun

the

1. Alternative form of þei (“they”)

Etymology 4

Verb

the

1. Alternative form of theen

Murrinh-Patha

Noun

the

1. ear

See also

• ye (incorporated noun)

References

• 2003, Mark Abley, Spoken Here: Travels Among Threatened Languages.

Old High German

Alternative forms

• de

Particle

the (indeclinable, relative)

1. that, who, which

References

1. Braune, Wilhelm. Althochdeutsches Lesebuch, zusammengestellt und mit Glossar versehen

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *sa. The original s- was replaced by th- by analogy with the other forms, but still preserved in the variant s?.

Determiner

th?

1. that, that one

   them uu?ha uu?sa l?stean: To obey that holy wise.

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: de
  • Low German: de

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *þa, from Proto-Indo-European *tó, *te-.

Particle

the (indeclinable, relative)

1. that, who, which

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t?e/

Postposition

the (????)

1. to
2. for
3. at

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)?^[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, ?ISBN

Scots

Etymology

From Old English se

Determiner

the

1. the

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from English the, which sounds similar to Serbo-Croatian da.

Conjunction

the (no known Cyrillic variant)

1. (Internet slang) Alternative spelling of da

   neki kreten the ih drka emotivno

   some jerk to fuck with them emotionally

   the ovo oka?im na fb wall, garant ne bih opstala od borKINJa za ženska prava

   if I posted this on my FB wall, I surely wouldn't survive the women rights fighters

South Slavey

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??/

Noun

the

1. belt

References

• Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, ?ISBN, page 38

Swedish

Noun

the n

1. Alternative spelling of te (tea)

Anagrams

• -het, het

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà N?i) IPA^(key): [t????]
• (Hu?) IPA^(key): [t????]
• (H? Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [t????]

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese ? (SV: sa).

Noun

the

1. a kind of silk gauze

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Adjective

the • (????, ????) (phonemic reduplicative the the)

1. having a strong and fragrant smell

Welsh

Noun

the

1. Aspirate mutation of te.

Mutation

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ke?s/
• Rhymes: -e?s
• Hyphenation: case

Etymology 1

Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin c?sus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cad? (“to fall, to drop”).

Noun

case (plural cases)

1. An actual event, situation, or fact.
2. (now rare) A given condition or state.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:

     Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull cace.

   • 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge, Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum

     Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good case and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.

3. A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
4. (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
6. (law) A legal proceeding, lawsuit.
7. (grammar) A specific inflection of a word depending on its function in the sentence.

   • Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
     (16) (a) ? I know [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     (16) (b) ? I demand [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned Objective case, as we see from:
     (17) ? I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     And the Subject of a gerund Clause is assigned either Objective or Genitive case: cf.
     (18) ? I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]

8. (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.

9. (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.

10. (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.

Synonyms

Hyponyms

• court case
• See also Thesaurus:grammatical case

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

1. (obsolete) to propose hypothetical cases

See also

• Appendix:Grammatical cases

References

• case on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From Middle English cas, from Old Northern French casse, (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capi? (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash.

Noun

case (plural cases)

2. A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
3. A box, sheath, or covering generally.

4. A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
5. An enclosing frame or casing.

6. A suitcase.
7. A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
8. The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
9. (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
10. (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
11. (poker slang) Four of a kind.
12. (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
13. (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

14. A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
15. A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.

    Synonym: carton

Hyponyms

Translations

References

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN

Adjective

case (not comparable)

1. (poker slang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
   • 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)

     If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.

References

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN

Verb

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

1. (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
2. (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
   • 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II

     The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.

3. (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
   • 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, ?ISBN, page 116:

     You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in.

   • 2014, Amy Goodman, From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, 0:49 to 0:57:

     Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.

Translations

Derived terms

• case the deck

Anagrams

• ACEs, ASCE, Aces, Ceas, ESCA, SCEA, aces, aesc, esca, æsc

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???se/

Verb

casé

1. (transitive) hit

Conjugation

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)?^[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 263

Asturian

Verb

case

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of casar

Chinese

Alternative forms

• K?

Etymology

Borrowed from English case.

Pronunciation

Noun

case

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) case (clarification of this definition is needed)
   • 2015, ???, ????????? II??????????

     ????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, trad.]
     ????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, simp.]

     ni¹ go³ hou² do¹ kei¹ si² gaa³. ni¹ jat¹ go³, zau⁶ hai⁶ zoeng¹ gwok³ wing⁴, jau⁵ gam² go³ kei¹ si² laa¹. [Jyutping]

     That kind of case happens often. It happened with Leslie Cheung.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin casa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a semantic loan from Spanish casa. Doublet of chez, which was inherited.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?z/
• Homophone: cases

Noun

case f (plural cases)

1. (archaic, rare or regional) hut, cabin, shack
2. box (on form)
3. square (on board game)

Derived terms

• case départ
• case à cocher

Further reading

• “case” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• à sec

Galician

Alternative forms

• caixe

Etymology

Attested since the 15th century (quasy), from Latin quasi (“as if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?k?s?]

Adverb

case

1. almost

References

• “quasy” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “case” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “case” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “case” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Italian

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ca?se

Noun

case f

1. plural of casa

Anagrams

• asce, esca, seca

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?t?sas?/, [?t?sas?]

Noun

case

1. nominative/accusative plural of cas

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *k?si, from late Proto-West Germanic *k?s?, borrowed from Latin c?seus.

Noun

câse m or n

1. cheese

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• kese (eastern)

Descendants

• Dutch: kaas
  • Afrikaans: kaas
    • ? Sotho: kase
    • ? Tswana: kase
  • ? Papiamentu: keshi (from the diminutive)
  • ? Sranan Tongo: kasi
• Limburgish: kieës, kees

Further reading

• “case”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “case (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I

Old French

Noun

case m (oblique plural cases, nominative singular cases, nominative plural case)

1. (grammar) case

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ca?se
• Rhymes: -azi

Verb

case

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of casar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of casar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of casar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of casar

Romanian

Noun

case

1. plural of cas?

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kase/, [?ka.se]

Verb

case

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of casar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of casar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of casar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of casar.

Venetian

Noun

case

1. plural of casa