different between top vs case
top
English
Etymology
From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /t?p/, [t???p]
- (General American) IPA(key): /t?p/, [t???p]
- Rhymes: -?p
Noun
top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)
- The highest or uppermost part of something.
- Synonyms: peak, summit, overside
- Antonyms: bottom, base, underside
- (irrespective of present orientation) the part of something that is usually the top.
- The uppermost part of a page, picture, viewing screen, etc.
- Synonym: (of a page) head
- Antonym: (of a page) foot
- A lid, cap or cover of a container.
- Synonyms: cap, coverlid
- A garment worn to cover the torso.
- Antonym: bottom
- A framework at the top of a ship's mast to which rigging is attached.
- (baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.
- (archaic) The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head.
- A child’s spinning toy; a spinning top.
- (heading) Someone who is eminent.
- (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
- The highest rank; the most honourable position; the utmost attainable place.
- (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
- (BDSM) A dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
- Synonyms: (usually male) dom, (female) domme
- Antonyms: bottom, sub
- (gay slang) A man penetrating or with a preference for penetrating during homosexual intercourse.
- (slang, African-American Vernacular, MLE) Oral stimulation to the male member, a blowjob.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:oral sex
- (particle physics) A top quark.
- Hypernym: flavor
- The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
- June 18 1714, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift
- The top of my own ambition is to contribute to that work.
- June 18 1714, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift
- (ropemaking) A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.
- (sound) Highest pitch or loudest volume.
- (wool manufacture) A bundle or ball of slivers of combed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
- (obsolete, except in one sense of phrase on top of) Eve; verge; point.
- Hee was upon the top of his marriage with Magdalaine.
- The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)
- (in the plural, slang, dated) Topboots.
- (golf) A stroke on the top of the ball.
- (golf) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top.
- (in restaurants, preceded by a number) (A table at which there is, or which has enough seats for) a group of a specified number of people eating at a restaurant.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
top (third-person singular simple present tops, present participle topping, simple past and past participle topped)
- To cover on the top or with a top.
- To excel, to surpass, to beat.
- Synonyms: beat, better, best, exceed; see also Thesaurus:exceed
- To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).
- 2013, Phil McNulty, "[9]", BBC Sport, 26 December 2013:
- Liverpool topped the table on Christmas Day and, after Arsenal's win at West Ham earlier on Boxing Day, would have returned to the top had they been the first team to beat City at home this season.
- 2013, Phil McNulty, "[9]", BBC Sport, 26 December 2013:
- To cut or remove the top (as of a tree)
- (Britain, slang, reflexive) To commit suicide.
- (Britain, slang, rare) To murder.
- Synonyms: kill, murder, slaughter, slay; see also Thesaurus:kill
- (BDSM) To be the dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
- (gay slang, transitive, intransitive) To anally penetrate in gay sex.
- (archaic) To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower.
- 1713, William Derham, Physico-Theology
- lofty and topping mountains
- , Book II, Chapter XXI
- influenced by that topping uneasiness
- 1713, William Derham, Physico-Theology
- (archaic) To excel; to rise above others.
- (nautical) To raise one end of (a yard, etc.), making it higher than the other.
- (dyeing) To cover with another dye.
- To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).
- (slang, dated) To arrange (fruit, etc.) with the best on top.
- (of a horse) To strike the top of (an obstacle) with the hind feet while jumping, so as to gain new impetus.
- To improve (domestic animals, especially sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior breeds.
- To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.
- (golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.
Derived terms
- (kill): top oneself
- untopped
Translations
Adjective
top (not comparable)
- Situated on the top of something.
- (informal) Best; of the highest quality or rank.
- (informal) Very good, of high quality, power, or rank.
Related terms
Translations
Adverb
top (not comparable)
- Rated first.
Synonyms
- first
See also
- topple
Anagrams
- OPT, OPt, OTP, PTO, TPO, oPt, opt, opt., pot
Albanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (top).
Noun
top m (indefinite plural tope, definite singular topi, definite plural topet)
- ball
- (in the plural) slang for testicles
Inflection
Azerbaijani
Etymology
Cognate with Turkish top.
Noun
top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)
- ball
- cannon
- (chess) rook
Declension
Derived terms
- topçu (“cannoneer”)
See also
Baure
Noun
top
- fog
Crimean Tatar
Noun
top
- ball
- lump
- cannon
Declension
Derived terms
- babaytop
- topla?uv
- topçu
- top qunda??
References
- Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajins?ko-kryms?kotatars?kyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]?[11], Simferopol: Dolya, ?ISBN
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?top]
Verb
top
- second-person singular imperative of topit
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse toppr, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz.
Noun
top c (singular definite toppen, plural indefinite toppe)
- summit, peak
- hairpiece
- top (uppermost part, lid, cap, cover, garment worn to cover the torso, child’s spinning toy)
Inflection
Derived terms
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch top, topp, from Old Dutch and Frankish *topp, *top, from Proto-West Germanic *topp.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -?p
Adjective
top
- (colloquial) great, very good
Derived terms
- (prefix): top-
Noun
top m (plural toppen, diminutive topje n)
- top (uppermost part)
- (figuratively) apex
- summit, peak (high point of a mountain)
- summit, assembly
- top (piece of women's clothing)
Antonyms
- bodem
Derived terms
- bergtop
- vingertop
- toppunt
Verb
top
- (denominal) first-person singular present indicative of toppen
Anagrams
- pot
French
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Pronunciation
Noun
top m (plural tops)
- top; shirt or garment covering the upper body
- a signalling sound; beep
Adjective
top (feminine singular toppe, masculine plural tops, feminine plural toppes)
- top; best; highest in rank; maximum
- excellent; brilliant
- (LGBT, slang) top (dominant in role)
Synonyms
- (dominant): actif
Antonyms
- bottom
Adverb
top
- at most; maximum
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Noun
top m (invariable)
- (woman's dressing, garment) top
Latvian
Verb
top
- 3rd person singular present indicative form of tapt
- 3rd person plural present indicative form of tapt
- (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of tapt
- (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of tapt
Middle English
Alternative forms
- toppe, topp, tope, toop
Etymology
From Old English topp, toppa, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t?p/, /t??p/
Noun
top (plural toppes)
- The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:
- The peak of a mountain or other landform.
- The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence.
- A lid or cap; a removable top or topping.
- The head, especially its top or the hair on its top.
- A small deck at the dop of a ship's sails.
- A cluster or bunch of fibres; a tassel.
- A top or whirligig (spinning toy)
- The start or introduction of something.
- (rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in.
Derived terms
- toppen
- toppyng
Descendants
- English: top
- ? French: top
- ? German: Top
- ? Vietnamese: t?p
- Scots: tap
References
- “top, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-12.
- “top, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-12.
Mopan Maya
Adverb
top
- very
References
- Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.
Northern Kurdish
Noun
top f
- ball (object, generally spherical, used for playing games)
- cannon
Old French
Alternative forms
- tup, tupe, tope, toup
Etymology
From Frankish *topp.
Noun
top m (oblique plural tos, nominative singular tos, nominative plural top)
- hair on top of one's head, forelock
- top, highest point
- tuft of flax placed on distaff
- top (ship)
Descendants
- ? Galician: tope
- ? Spanish: tope
- ? Portuguese: topo
- ? Old French: toupet, topet
- ? Old Portuguese: topete
- Galician: topete
- Portuguese: topete
- Middle French: toupet
- French: toupet (see there for further descendants)
- Norman: toupet, tupé
- ? Middle English: topet
- ? Old Portuguese: topete
- ?? Old French: topoie, toupie, tourpe, tourpie
- Middle French: toupie
- French: toupie
- Middle French: toupie
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (top)
- tup on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t?p/
Etymology 1
From English top, from Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), from Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, penis”).
Noun
top m inan
- (nautical) nautical top (the upper end of a mast)
- top (garment worn to cover the torso)
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
top
- second-person singular imperative of topi?
Further reading
- top in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /?t?.pi/
- Homophone: tope
Adjective
top (invariable, comparable)
- (slang) cool, awesome
- (slang) top, excellent, high-quality
- Synonym: top de linha
Derived terms
- topzeira
Noun
top m (plural tops)
- top (garment worn to cover the torso)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (top).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tôp/
Noun
t?p m (Cyrillic spelling ????)
- cannon
- (chess) rook
Declension
See also
Slovene
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *t?p?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t??p/
Adjective
t?p (comparative b?lj t?p, superlative n?jbolj t?p)
- blunt
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (top).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t??p/
Noun
t?p m inan
- cannon
Inflection
Further reading
- “top”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Noun
top m (plural tops)
- top (first positions of a ranking)
- top (female clothing)
Adjective
top (plural tops)
- (proscribed) top (situated on the top of something)
- Synonym: mejor
- (proscribed) top (best; of the highest quality or rank)
- Synonym: el mejor
- (proscribed) top (very good, of high quality)
- Synonym: muy bueno
References
- “top” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, primera edición, Real Academia Española, 2005.
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish ???? (top), from Proto-Turkic *top (“round thing”).
Noun
top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)
- ball
- cannon
- (slang) gay
Declension
References
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ????? (tópos, “place”).
Noun
top (nominative plural tops)
- place
Declension
Related terms
- topäd
top From the web:
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case
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ke?s/
- Rhymes: -e?s
- Hyphenation: case
Etymology 1
Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin c?sus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cad? (“to fall, to drop”).
Noun
case (plural cases)
- An actual event, situation, or fact.
- (now rare) A given condition or state.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:
- Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull cace.
- 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge, Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum
- Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good case and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:
- A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
- (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
- (law) A legal proceeding, lawsuit.
- (grammar) A specific inflection of a word depending on its function in the sentence.
- Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
(16) (a) ? I know [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
(16) (b) ? I demand [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned Objective case, as we see from:
(17) ? I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
And the Subject of a gerund Clause is assigned either Objective or Genitive case: cf.
(18) ? I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]
- Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
- (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.
- (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.
- (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.
Synonyms
Hyponyms
- court case
- See also Thesaurus:grammatical case
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)
- (obsolete) to propose hypothetical cases
See also
- Appendix:Grammatical cases
References
- case on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
From Middle English cas, from Old Northern French casse, (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capi? (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash.
Noun
case (plural cases)
- A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
- A box, sheath, or covering generally.
- A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
- An enclosing frame or casing.
- A suitcase.
- A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
- The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
- (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
- (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
- (poker slang) Four of a kind.
- (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
- (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)
- A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
- A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.
- Synonym: carton
Hyponyms
Translations
References
- Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN
Adjective
case (not comparable)
- (poker slang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
- 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)
- If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.
- 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)
References
- Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN
Verb
case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)
- (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
- (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
- 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II
- The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.
- 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II
- (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
- 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, ?ISBN, page 116:
- You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in.
- 2014, Amy Goodman, From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, 0:49 to 0:57:
- Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.
- 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, ?ISBN, page 116:
Translations
Derived terms
- case the deck
Anagrams
- ACEs, ASCE, Aces, Ceas, ESCA, SCEA, aces, aesc, esca, æsc
Afar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???se/
Verb
casé
- (transitive) hit
Conjugation
References
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)?[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 263
Asturian
Verb
case
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive of casar
Chinese
Alternative forms
- K?
Etymology
Borrowed from English case.
Pronunciation
Noun
case
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) case (clarification of this definition is needed)
- 2015, ???, ????????? II??????????
- ????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, trad.]
- ni1 go3 hou2 do1 kei1 si2 gaa3. ni1 jat1 go3, zau6 hai6 zoeng1 gwok3 wing4, jau5 gam2 go3 kei1 si2 laa1. [Jyutping]
- That kind of case happens often. It happened with Leslie Cheung.
????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, simp.]
- 2015, ???, ????????? II??????????
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin casa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a semantic loan from Spanish casa. Doublet of chez, which was inherited.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k?z/
- Homophone: cases
Noun
case f (plural cases)
- (archaic, rare or regional) hut, cabin, shack
- box (on form)
- square (on board game)
Derived terms
- case départ
- case à cocher
Further reading
- “case” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- à sec
Galician
Alternative forms
- caixe
Etymology
Attested since the 15th century (quasy), from Latin quasi (“as if”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?k?s?]
Adverb
case
- almost
References
- “quasy” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- “case” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
- “case” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “case” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Italian
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ca?se
Noun
case f
- plural of casa
Anagrams
- asce, esca, seca
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?t?sas?/, [?t?sas?]
Noun
case
- nominative/accusative plural of cas
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *k?si, from late Proto-West Germanic *k?s?, borrowed from Latin c?seus.
Noun
câse m or n
- cheese
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
- kese (eastern)
Descendants
- Dutch: kaas
- Afrikaans: kaas
- ? Sotho: kase
- ? Tswana: kase
- ? Papiamentu: keshi (from the diminutive)
- ? Sranan Tongo: kasi
- Afrikaans: kaas
- Limburgish: kieës, kees
Further reading
- “case”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “case (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
Old French
Noun
case m (oblique plural cases, nominative singular cases, nominative plural case)
- (grammar) case
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ca?se
- Rhymes: -azi
Verb
case
- first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of casar
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of casar
- third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of casar
- third-person singular (você) negative imperative of casar
Romanian
Noun
case
- plural of cas?
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?kase/, [?ka.se]
Verb
case
- Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of casar.
- First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of casar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of casar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of casar.
Venetian
Noun
case
- plural of casa
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