different between calque vs borrowing

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French calque (“calque”, literally “tracing, copy”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calc?re (“I tread”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kælk/
• Rhymes: -ælk
• Homophones: calc, calk
• Hyphenation: calque

Noun

calque (plural calques)

1. (linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.

   Synonyms: loan translation, calquing

   Hypernym: loan formation

   Coordinate term: (a term that is partially a calque and partially formally contains a foreign element) partial calque, loanblend

Translations

Hyponyms

• partial calque

Derived terms

• semi-calque

See also

• Hobson-Jobson
• loanword
• metaphrase

Verb

calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)

1. (linguistics, translation studies) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts.

Translations

Trivia

• While the term calque is a loanword from French, the term loanword is a calque from German.

Anagrams

• claque

Asturian

Verb

calque

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of calcar

French

Etymology

Deverbal of calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calc?re (“I tread”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalk/

Noun

calque m (plural calques)

1. tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)
2. (lexicography) calque, loan translation
3. (computer graphics) layer

Descendants

• ? Belarusian: ??????? (kál?ka)
• ? Bulgarian: ?????? (kálka)
• ? Catalan: calc (semantic loan)
• ? Czech: kalk
• ? English: calque
• ? Georgian: ????? (?al?i)
• ? Italian: calco (semantic loan)
• ? Latvian: kalks
• ? Macedonian: ????? (kalka)
• ? Polish: kalka
• ? Romanian: calc
• ? Russian: ??????? (kál?ka)
• ? Serbo-Croatian: ????? (k?lk)
• ? Slovak: kalk
• ? Slovene: kalk
• ? Spanish: calco (semantic loan)
• ? Ukrainian: ??????? (kál?ka)
• ? Yiddish: ??????? (kalke)

Further reading

• “calque” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• claque, claqué

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -awki

Verb

calque

1. inflection of calcar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

Verb

calque

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of calcar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of calcar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of calcar.

English

Pronunciation

Verb

borrowing

1. present participle of borrow

   She is borrowing my pen.

Noun

borrowing (countable and uncountable, plural borrowings)

1. An instance of something being borrowed.
   • January 1834, Horace Binney, Speech on the Question of the Removal of the Deposites

     Subscriptions, borrowings of money, taxings of the citizens and their property, may all be valid, as operations by virtue of laws for the government of the City […]

2. (linguistics) A borrowed word, adopted from a foreign language; loanword.

Derived terms

• learned borrowing
• reborrowing
• semi-learned borrowing

Translations