different between arithmetic vs calculus

English

Alternative forms

• arsmetrike, arsmetryke (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English arsmetike, from Old French arismetique, from Latin arithm?tica, arithmeticus, from Ancient Greek ?????????? (?????) (arithm?tik? (tékhn?), “(art of) counting”), feminine of ??????????? (arithm?tikós, “arithmetical”), from ??????? (arithmós, “number, counting”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?ri-d?h?-mó-s, form of *h?rey- (“to count, reason”). Used in English since 13th century.

Pronunciation

• (noun): (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: ?r?th'm?t?k, IPA^(key): /?????m?t?k/
• (adjective): (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: ?r?thm?t'?k, IPA^(key): /æ????m?t?k/
• Hyphenation: arith?met?ic

Noun

arithmetic (usually uncountable, plural arithmetics)

1. The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
   • 1992, Douglas M. Priest, On Properties of Floating Point Arithmetics, University of California, Berkeley, page 17,

     Note that all correctly rounding arithmetics satisfy property A1, as do those with properly truncating addition. All faithful binary arithmetics and all arithmetics with either properly truncating or correctly chopping addition satisfy property A2.

Hypernyms

• (study): math (US), maths (UK), mathematics

Derived terms

Translations

Adjective

arithmetic (not comparable)

1. (mathematics) Of, relating to, or using arithmetic; arithmetical.

   arithmetic geometry
2. (arithmetic) Of a progression, mean, etc, computed solely using addition.

   arithmetic progression

Coordinate terms

• (computed solely using addition): geometric

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• List of terms used in arithmetic

English

Etymology

• Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”) , diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus.
• Mathematical topic is from differential calculus.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?kæl.kj?.l?s/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?kæl.kj?.l?s/

Noun

calculus (countable and uncountable, plural calculi or calculuses)

1. (dated, countable) Calculation; computation.
2. (countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.

3. (uncountable, often definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject; analysis.
5. (countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.

   renal calculus ( = kidney stone)

6. (uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth.
7. (countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm.

Synonyms

• (calculation, computation): ciphering, reckoning; see also Thesaurus:calculation
• (in analysis): infinitesimal calculus
• (in medicine): stone
• (in dentistry): dental calculus, tartar

Derived terms

Related terms

• calcify
• calcium
• calculate

Translations

See also

• algebra
• analysis
• concretion

References

• calculus in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Latin

Etymology

From calx, calcis (“limestone, game counter”) +? -ulus (diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?kal.ku.lus/, [?kä??k????s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?kal.ku.lus/, [?k?lkulus]

Noun

calculus m (genitive calcul?); second declension

1. diminutive of calx
2. pebble, stone
3. reckoning, calculating, calculation
4. a piece in the latrunculi game

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Derived terms

• calcul?rius
• calculensis
• calcul?
• calcul?sus

Descendants

• ? Catalan: càlcul
• ? English: calculus
• ? French: calcul
  • ? German: Kalkül
    • ? Czech: kalkul
  • ? Romanian: calcul
  • ? Swedish: kalkyl
• ? Gallurese: calculu
• ? Georgian: ????????? (?al?ulusi)
• ? Hungarian: kalkulus
• ? Irish: calcalas
• ? Italian: calcolo
• ? Portuguese: cálculo
• ? Sardinian: calculu, càrculu
• ? Sassarese: càlcuru
• ? Spanish: cálculo
• ? Welsh: calcwlws
• ? Yiddish: ?????????? (kalkulus)

References

• calculus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• calculus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• calculus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• calculus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.