different between calculus vs vector

English

Etymology

• Borrowed from Latin calculus (“a pebble or stone used as reckoning counters in abacus”) , diminutive of calx (“limestone”) + -ulus.
• Mathematical topic is from differential calculus.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?kæl.kj?.l?s/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?kæl.kj?.l?s/

Noun

calculus (countable and uncountable, plural calculi or calculuses)

1. (dated, countable) Calculation; computation.
2. (countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.

3. (uncountable, often definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject; analysis.
5. (countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.

   renal calculus ( = kidney stone)

6. (uncountable, dentistry) Deposits of calcium phosphate salts on teeth.
7. (countable) A decision-making method, especially one appropriate for a specialised realm.

Synonyms

• (calculation, computation): ciphering, reckoning; see also Thesaurus:calculation
• (in analysis): infinitesimal calculus
• (in medicine): stone
• (in dentistry): dental calculus, tartar

Derived terms

Related terms

• calcify
• calcium
• calculate

Translations

See also

• algebra
• analysis
• concretion

References

• calculus in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Latin

Etymology

From calx, calcis (“limestone, game counter”) +? -ulus (diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?kal.ku.lus/, [?kä??k????s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?kal.ku.lus/, [?k?lkulus]

Noun

calculus m (genitive calcul?); second declension

1. diminutive of calx
2. pebble, stone
3. reckoning, calculating, calculation
4. a piece in the latrunculi game

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Derived terms

• calcul?rius
• calculensis
• calcul?
• calcul?sus

Descendants

• ? Catalan: càlcul
• ? English: calculus
• ? French: calcul
  • ? German: Kalkül
    • ? Czech: kalkul
  • ? Romanian: calcul
  • ? Swedish: kalkyl
• ? Gallurese: calculu
• ? Georgian: ????????? (?al?ulusi)
• ? Hungarian: kalkulus
• ? Irish: calcalas
• ? Italian: calcolo
• ? Portuguese: cálculo
• ? Sardinian: calculu, càrculu
• ? Sassarese: càlcuru
• ? Spanish: cálculo
• ? Welsh: calcwlws
• ? Yiddish: ?????????? (kalkulus)

References

• calculus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• calculus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• calculus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• calculus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

English

Etymology

From Latin vector (“carrier, transporter”), from veh? (“I carry, I transport, I bear”).

The “person or entity that passes along an urban legend or other meme” sense derives from the disease sense.

The mathematics sense was coined by William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: vec?tor
• (UK) IPA^(key): /?v?kt?/
• (US) enPR: v?k't?r, IPA^(key): /?v?kt?/
• Rhymes: -?kt?(?)

Noun

vector (plural vectors)

1. (mathematics) A directed quantity, one with both magnitude and direction; the signed difference between two points.

   Hypernym: tensor
2. (mathematics) An ordered tuple representing a directed quantity or the signed difference between two points.
3. (mathematics) Any member of a (generalized) vector space.

4. (aviation) A chosen course or direction for motion, as of an aircraft.
6. (epidemiology) A carrier of a disease-causing agent.
7. (by extension, sociology) A person or entity that passes along an urban legend or other meme.
8. (psychology) A recurring psychosocial issue that stimulates growth and development in the personality.
9. The way in which the eyes are drawn across the visual text. The trail that a book cover can encourage the eyes to follow from certain objects to others.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
10. (computing, operating systems) A memory address containing the address of a code entry point, usually one which is part of a table and often one that is dereferenced and jumped to during the execution of an interrupt.
11. (programming) A one-dimensional array.
    • 2004, Jesse Liberty, Bradley L. Jones, Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days (page 694)

      To create a vector of students in a class, you will want the vector to be large enough […]

12. (computer graphics, attributive) A graphical representation using outlines; vector graphics.

    Coordinate term: raster

13. (molecular biology) A DNA molecule used to carry genetic information from one organism into another.

Usage notes

• (programming): The term vector is used loosely when the indices are not (either positive or non-negative) integers.

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

vector (third-person singular simple present vectors, present participle vectoring, simple past and past participle vectored)

1. To set (particularly an aircraft) on a course toward a selected point.
2. (computing) To redirect to a vector, or code entry point.

Translations

References

• The New Oxford Dictionary of English

Anagrams

• Covert, corvet, covert

Catalan

Noun

vector m (plural vectors)

1. vector

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vector.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?v?k.t?r/
• Hyphenation: vec?tor
• Rhymes: -?kt?r

Noun

vector m (plural vectoren, diminutive vectortje n)

1. (mathematics) vector, an element of a vector space

Derived terms

• eenheidsvector
• eigenvector
• normaalvector
• nulvector
• raakvector
• vectoralgebra
• vectoranalyse
• vectordifferentiatie
• vectorlimiet
• vectorproduct
• vectorruimte
• vectorvermenigvuldiging

Galician

Etymology

From Latin vector

Noun

vector m (plural vectores)

1. vector

Derived terms

• vectorial
• vectorizar
• vectorización
• vector propio
• vector unitario

Latin

Etymology

veh? +? -tor

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?ek.tor/, [?u??kt??r]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?vek.tor/, [?v?kt??r]

Noun

vector m (genitive vect?ris); third declension

1. bearer, carrier
2. passenger

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Related terms

• vect?gal

Descendants

• ? English: vector

Verb

vector

1. first-person singular present passive indicative of vect?

References

• vector in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vector in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.

Portuguese

Noun

vector m (plural vectores)

1. Superseded spelling of vetor.

Romanian

Etymology

From French vecteur.

Noun

vector m (plural vectori)

1. vector

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vector.

Noun

vector m (plural vectores)

1. vector

Derived terms

• autovector
• eigenvector
• vectorial
• vectorizar
• vectorización
• vector propio
• vector unitario