different between abstain vs eke

English

Etymology

First attested around 1380. From Middle English absteynen, absteinen, abstenen, from Old French astenir, abstenir, from Latin abstine? (“to hold oneself back”) from abs- (“from”) + tene? (“I hold”). See also tenable.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?b?ste?n/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?b?ste?n/, /æb?ste?n/
• Rhymes: -e?n

Verb

abstain (third-person singular simple present abstains, present participle abstaining, simple past and past participle abstained)

1. (transitive, reflexive, obsolete) Keep or withhold oneself. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the mid 16^th century.]
2. (intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
   • 22 May 1948, United Nations, Security Council Resolution 49

     The Security Council […] calls upon all Governments and authorities, without prejudice to the rights, claims or positions of the parties concerned, to abstain from any hostile military action in Palestine and to that end to issue a cease-fire order to their military and paramilitary forces
3. (intransitive, obsolete) Fast (not eat for a period). [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
4. (intransitive) Deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

5. (transitive, obsolete) Hinder; keep back; withhold. [Attested from the early 16^th century until the mid 17^th century.]

Usage notes

• (keep or withhold oneself): Followed by the word from or of.
• (refrain from something): Followed by the word from.

Conjugation

Synonyms

• deny oneself
• forbear
• forgo
• give up
• refrain
• relinquish
• withhold

Derived terms

• abstainer
• abstention
• abstainment

Related terms

• abstinence
• abstinent

Translations

References

Anagrams

• Bastian, banitsa

Indonesian

Etymology

From English abstain, from Middle English absteynen, absteinen, abstenen, from Old French astenir, abstenir, from Latin abstine? (“to hold oneself back”) from abs- (“from”) + tene? (“I hold”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ap?stain/
• Hyphenation: ab?stain

Verb

abstain

1. to abstain:
   1. (politics) to deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present.
   2. (medicine) to refrain from (something or doing something), to fast.

      Synonym: puasa

Further reading

• “abstain” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?k, IPA^(key): /i?k/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ik/
• Rhymes: -i?k
• Homophone: eek

Etymology 1

The noun is derived from Middle English eke, eche (“addition, increase; enhancement; additional piece of land”), from Old English ?aca (“addition, increase; supplement”), from Proto-Germanic *aukô (“addition, increase”), from *aukan? (“to grow, increase”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?ewg- (“to enlarge, increase”). The English noun is cognate with Old Frisian ?ka (“addition, increase; bonus”), Old Norse auki (“growth, increase, proliferation”).

The verb is derived partly:

• from the noun; and
• from Middle English eken (“to increase; to enlarge, expand, extend; to lengthen; to add to, amplify; to improve; to stimulate; to advance; to exalt; to intensify; to aggravate, make worse; to prosper, succeed”) [and other forms], from three distinct verbs (1) Old English ?can, ?can, ?e?an, ?can (“(West Saxon) to increase; to accomplish”), (2) ?acan (“to be enlarged or increased”), and (3) ?acian, all from Proto-Germanic *aukan? (“to grow, increase”); see further above.

The English verb is cognate with Latin auge? (“to augment, increase; to enlarge, expand, spread; to lengthen; to exaggerate; to enrich; to honour; (figuratively) to exalt, praise”), Old English ?ac (“also”), Old Norse auka (“to augment, increase; to add; to exceed, surpass”) (Danish øge (“to enhance; to increase”), Icelandic auka (“to augment, increase”), Norwegian Bokmål øke (“to increase”), Norwegian Nynorsk auka (“to increase”), Swedish öka (“to increase”)).

Noun

eke (plural ekes)

1. (obsolete except Britain, dialectal) An addition.
2. (beekeeping, archaic) A small stand on which a beehive is placed.
3. (beekeeping) A spacer put between or over or under hive parts to make more space: see [1]

Derived terms

• ekeing (noun)

Translations

Verb

eke (third-person singular simple present ekes, present participle eking or ekeing, simple past and past participle eked)

1. (transitive) Chiefly in the form eke out: to add to, to augment; to increase; to lengthen.

Conjugation

Derived terms

• eke out

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English ek, eek, eke (“also”) [and other forms], from Old English ?ac, ?c, ?c (“also”), from Proto-Germanic *auk (“also, too; furthermore, in addition”), then either:

• from Proto-Indo-European *h?ewg- (“to enlarge, increase”); or
• from Pre-Germanic *h?ew (“away from, off; again”) + *g(?)e (postpositional intensifying particle meaning ‘at any rate, indeed, in fact’)

The English word is cognate with Gothic ???????????? (auk, “also; for, because; but also”), Old Frisian âk, Old High German ouh (“also, as well, too”) (Middle High German ouch, modern German auch (“also, as well, too”)), Old Norse auk (“also; and”) (Danish og (“and”), Swedish och (“and”), ock (“(dated) also, as well as, too”)), Old Saxon ôk (Dutch ook (“also, too; moreover; either”)), Saterland Frisian ook, uk (“also, too”), West Frisian ek (“also, too”).

Adverb

eke (not comparable)

1. (archaic) Also; in addition to.

Translations

References

Anagrams

• Eek, Kee, eek, kee

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Chuvash-type Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries). Compare the Turkish verb form ek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??k?]
• Hyphenation: eke
• Rhymes: -k?

Noun

eke (plural ekék)

1. plough (UK), plow (US)

Declension

Derived terms

• ekecsont

References

Indonesian

Etymology

From informal Dutch ikke (standard Dutch ik), from Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *é?h?. Compare to Afrikaans ek. Doublet of ego.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??k?]
• Hyphenation: èkê

Pronoun

eke

1. (colloquial, dated) I: The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.

   Synonyms: aku, saya, gua, gue

Maori

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?eke/

Verb

eke

1. to embark

Pali

Numeral

eke

1. inflection of eka (“one”):
   1. masculine nominative/accusative/vocative plural
   2. feminine vocative singular

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish, from ek (“oak”).

Noun

eke n

1. (uncountable) wood of oak

Declension

Turkish

Noun

eke

1. dative singular of ek

Volapük

Pronoun

eke

1. dative singular of ek

Zazaki

Conjunction

eke

1. if