different between abraid vs afraid

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??b?e?d/
• Rhymes: -e?d

Etymology 1

From Middle English abraiden, abreiden (“to start up, awake, move, reproach”), from Old English ?bre?dan (“to move quickly, vibrate, draw, draw from, remove, unsheath, wrench, pull out, withdraw, take away, draw back, free from, draw up, raise, lift up, start up”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + *bregdan? (“to move, swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *b?r??-, *b?r??- (“to shine”), equivalent to a- +? braid. Related to Dutch breien (“to knit”), German bretten (“to knit”).

Alternative forms

• abray

Verb

abraid (third-person singular simple present abraids, present participle abraiding, simple past and past participle abraided or abraid)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To wrench (something) out. [10^th-13^thc.]
2. (intransitive, obsolete) To wake up. [11^th-18^thc.]
3. (intransitive, archaic) To spring, start, make a sudden movement. [from 11^thc.]
4. (intransitive, transitive, obsolete) To shout out. [15^th-16^thc.]
5. (transitive, obsolete) To rise in the stomach with nausea. [16^th-19^thc.]

Related terms

• abray

Etymology 2

From Middle English abrede. More at abread.

Adverb

abraid (comparative more abraid, superlative most abraid)

1. Alternative form of abread

References

• The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition

Anagrams

• Arabid, rabadi

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ab????d?/

Verb

abraid

1. (archaic, Munster) inflection of abair:
   1. third-person plural present indicative dependent
   2. third-person plural present subjunctive

Usage notes

The standard modern form is deir siad in the indicative and go ndeire siad in the subjunctive.

Mutation

English

Etymology

From Middle English affrayed, affraied, past participle of afraien (“to affray”), from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”), from Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”), from es- (“out”) +? freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from Proto-Germanic *frij?n? (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr?y-, *pr?y- (“to like, love”). Synchronically analyzable as affray +? -ed. Compare also afeard. More at free, friend.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??f?e?d/
• Rhymes: -e?d

Adjective

afraid (comparative more afraid, superlative most afraid)

1. (usually used predicatively, not attributively, be afraid) Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear.

   Synonyms: afeared, alarmed, anxious, apprehensive, fearful, timid, timorous; see also Thesaurus:afraid

2. (colloquial) Regretful, sorry.

   Synonym: sorry

3. (used with for) Worried about, feeling concern for, fearing for (someone or something).

Usage notes

• Afraid expresses a lesser degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is often followed by the preposition of and the object of fear, or by an infinitive, or by a dependent clause, as shown in the examples above.

Derived terms

Related terms

• afear
• afeared
• affray
• fray

Translations

See also

• fear

Welsh

Etymology

af- (“un-”) +? rhaid (“necessity”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?avrai?d/

Adjective

afraid (feminine singular afraid, plural afraid, equative afreidied, comparative afreidiach, superlative afreidiaf)

1. unnecessary, unessential
   • c. 1500, Ieuan Tew, poem in Cwrt Mawr manuscript no. 5, published and translated 1921 by T. Gwynn Jones, “Cultural Bases. A Study of the Tudor Period in Wales”, Y Cymmrodor. The Magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, vol. 31, page 182:

     mogelwch yma golyn
     a fo goeg, ag afu gwyn—
     a choegddyn crin, ledryn crach,
     o fradwr—nid afreidiach;

     beware of the sting of white-livered wretches, and every withered, niggardly wretch of a traitor—it were not less necessary;

   • c. 1600, Edmwnd Prys, quoted in A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative by J. Morris Jones, Oxford: 1913, p. 44:

     Amlwg fydd tr?yn a’r wyneb;
     Afraid i ni nodi neb.

     Plain is the nose on a face; it is unnecessary for us to mention anyone.

Noun

afraid m (plural afreidiau)

1. superfluity, extravagance

Mutation

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “afraid”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies