different between rancor vs vitriol

English

Alternative forms

• rancour (Commonwealth)

Etymology

First attested in the 13th century as Middle English rancour, from Old French rancor, from Latin rancor (“rancidity, grudge, rancor”), from *rance? (“be rotten or putrid, stink”), from which also English rancid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??æ?.k?/
• Rhymes: -æ?k?(?)
• Homophone: ranker

Noun

rancor (countable and uncountable, plural rancors)

1. (American spelling) The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred.

   I could almost see the rancor in his eyes when he challenged me to a fight.

Derived terms

• rancorous
• rancorously

Related terms

• rancid

Translations

References

• rancor in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• Carron, Cranor

Asturian

Noun

rancor m (plural rancores)

1. rancor (the deepest malignity or spite)

Galician

Etymology

Attested since the 15th century. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese (compare Old Galicia-Portuguese rancura, 13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rancor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ra??ko?/

Noun

rancor m (plural rancores)

1. rancor; grudge
   • 1446, M. González Garcés (ed.), Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media. A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page 635:

     estauan en moytas cartas de scomoion et testemoyos et eran en grande descordia et anduan en odios et rancores

     they were in many excommunicaton charters and litigations and they were in large discord and hate and rancor

   • 1612, Pedro Vázquez de Neira, "Soneto", in Gómez Tónel, Exequias:

     aquel rancor que te carcome e laña

     that rancor that eats away and cracks through you

   Synonym: xenreira

References

• “rancura” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “rancor” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “rancor” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “rancor” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “rancor” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Latin

Etymology

*ranc(e?) (“I am rotten, putrid”) +? -or (“-ness”, abstract noun suffix)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?ran.kor/, [?rä?k?r]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ran.kor/, [?r??k?r]

Noun

rancor m (genitive ranc?ris); third declension (Late Latin)

1. rancidity, stench, rankness
2. grudge, rancor

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Descendants

• Portuguese: rancor
• Spanish: rencor
• Catalan: rancor
• Galician: rancor
• Occitan: rancur
• Old French: rancor, rancure
  • Dutch: rankeur
  • English: rancor
  • French: rancœur, rancune
• Italian: rancore

References

• rancor in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• rancor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• rancor in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700?^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Middle English

Noun

rancor

1. Alternative form of rancour

Old French

Alternative forms

• rancour
• rancueur

Noun

rancor f (oblique plural rancors, nominative singular rancor, nominative plural rancors)

1. ill-will; negative opinion or intention

Descendants

• English: rancor, rancour
• French: rancœur

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin rancor (“rancor; putridity”).

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /???.?ko?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /???.?ko?/
• (Paulista) IPA^(key): [???.?ko?], [-?]
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): [h??.?ko?], [-?]
• Hyphenation: ran?cor

Noun

rancor m (plural rancores)

1. (usually uncountable) rancor; grudge (deep seated animosity)

   Synonyms: odiosidade, ressentimento

Related terms

• rancorejar
• rancorosamente
• rancoroso

English

Etymology

From Middle English vitriol, from Old French vitriol, from Medieval Latin vitriolum (“sulphuric acid”), from vitrum (“glass”).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /?v?.t?i.?l/

Noun

vitriol (countable and uncountable, plural vitriols)

1. (dated) Sulphuric acid and various metal sulphates.
2. (by extension) Bitterly abusive language.
   • 2012 November 2, Ken Belson, "[1]," New York Times (retrieved 2 November 2012):

     For days, online forums sparked with outrage against politicians and race organizers, a tone that turned to vitriol against runners, even from some shaming other runners for being selfish.

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Irish: vitrial

Translations

Verb

vitriol (third-person singular simple present vitriols, present participle vitrioling or vitriolling, simple past and past participle vitrioled or vitriolled)

1. (transitive) To subject to bitter verbal abuse.
2. (transitive, metallurgy) To dip in dilute sulphuric acid; to pickle.
3. (transitive, colloquial) To vitriolize.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Medieval Latin vitriolum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.t?i.j?l/

Noun

vitriol m (plural vitriols)

1. vitriol (all senses)

Further reading

• “vitriol” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Romanian

Etymology

From French vitriol.

Noun

vitriol n (plural vitrioluri)

1. vitriol

Declension