different between idem vs ides

English

Etymology

From Middle English idem, borrowed from Latin idem (“the same”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.d?m/, /?a?.d?m/

Adjective

idem (not comparable)

1. The same.

Usage notes

Used almost exclusively in footnotes of academic or scholarly papers, especially those of the legal profession, to indicate that the source or author referred to in a footnote is the same as in the preceding footnote; usually abbreviated when so used.

Derived terms

• id. or id
• idempotence, idempotent

Further reading

• idem on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Demi, Diem, Dime, demi, demi-, dime, meid

Dutch

Pronunciation

Adverb

idem

1. idem, ditto

Anagrams

• meid

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin idem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.d?m/

Adverb

idem

1. idem, likewise

   Synonym: id.

Further reading

• “idem” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• demi, dîme

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?i.dem/
• Hyphenation: ì?dem

Adverb

idem

1. ditto, and so, likewise, also

Pronoun

idem

1. ditto, the same

Anagrams

• dime, medi

Latin

Alternative forms

• eidem (frequently in manuscripts and inscriptions)
• isdem, eisdem (rarely)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *izdim; equivalent to is (“he”) + Proto-Italic *-im (emphatic marker) (whence Sabellic *-om, Oscan ???????????????????????? (ísídum), ???????????????????????? (esídum)), from Proto-Indo-European *im (whence also Old Latin im, em), accusative singular of *éy (so both parts are from the same source). The s was lost and the i lengthened by compensatory lengthening.

When the ablative cases e?d, e?d became e?, e?, the true forms e?d-em, e?d-em were interpreted as e?-dem, e?-dem. The neuter nominative singular id-em is natural and gives earlier emem (= later eundem). The new marker -dem then served to create totidem, tantumdem, ib?dem, etc. Compare tam-en with its later doublet: tan-dem (? *tam-dem).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?i?.dem/, [?i?d????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?i.dem/, [?i?d??m]

Determiner

?dem (feminine eadem, neuter idem); demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally ? n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion

1. the same
   • 29 bc. Virgil. Georgics, III

     amor omnibus ?dem

     Love is the same for all

Declension

Irregular declension. Similar to the declension of is, ea, id.Demonstrative pronoun (with m optionally ? n in compounds) with an indeclinable portion.

¹The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /i?(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology of deus. This /i?/ was normally spelled as EI during and as II after the Republic; a disyllabic i?, spelled II, I?, apears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabic e?s is only post-Classical. Other spellings include EEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).
²The dat. singular is found spelled EIEI (here represented as ??) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings include EEI, IEI.

Derived terms

• identidem
• identit?s (see there for further derivatives)

Related terms

References

• idem in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• idem in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• idem in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, ?ISBN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?id?j?/

Pronoun

idem

1. (demonstrative) idem, ditto (the aforesaid, the same)

Serbo-Croatian

Verb

idem (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. first-person singular present of i?i

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?dz/
• Rhymes: -a?dz

Etymology 1

From Anglo-Norman and French ides, from Latin ?d?s, a fourth-declension plurale tantum, from the Latin practice of treating most recurring calendrical days as plurals. The Latin term is cognate with Oscan eiduis, both perhaps deriving from an unknown Etruscan term. Middle English and Old French also used the singular form ide.

Alternative forms

• Id., Ides

Noun

ides (plural ides)

1. (historical, often capitalized) The notional full-moon day of a Roman month, occurring on the 15th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 13th day of all other months.
   • 10th century, Byrhtferð of Ramsey, Enchiridion (Ashmolean MS 328), Book I, Chapter ii, Section 22:

     Þa monðas þe habbað iiii nonas æfter kalendas... habbað to idus xiii dagas and to ii kalendas eahtatyne.

     Those months that have 4 nones after the kalends... have 13 days to the ides and eighteen to the second kalends.

   • 1679, J. Moxon, Mathematics made Easie, p. 26:

     The Roman Month its several days divides
     By reckoning backwards, Calends, Nones, and Ides.

   • 1967, Agnes Kirsopp Michels, Calendar of the Roman Republic, p. 22:

     For the modern reader of Latin the most irritating pecularity of this system of dating is that the days after the Ides of any month carry the name of the following month... Another trap for the unwary lies in the fact that the Roman calendars given in most reference books are Julian, not pre-Julian. When Caesar added ten days to the Roman year he put them near the ends of the seven 29-day months, one or two in each. As a result, instead of the day after the Ides of all months being a.d. XVII Kal., in these seven months it is either a.d. XVIII Kal. or a.d. XIX Kal., and all the following days change correspondingly.

   • 2011, Robert A. Kaster trans. Macrobius, Saturnalia, Book I, Chapter xiv, Section 8:

     [March, May, Quintilis, and October] also have their Nones on the seventh, as Numa ordained, because Julius changed nothing about them. As for January, Sextilis, and December, they still have their Nones on the fifth, though they began to have thirty-one days after Caesar added two days to each, and it is nineteen days from their Ides to the following Kalends, because in adding the two days Caesar did not want to insert them before either the Nones or the Ides, lest an unprecedented postponement mar religious observance associated with the Nones or Ides themselves, which have a fixed date.

   The third day before the ides of March is March 13th; the third ides of August is August 11th; and the third of the ides of November is November 11th.

Usage notes

English use of the Roman calendrical term always employs the Romans' inclusive dating, including the ides itself when counting. Thus, the "third day before the ides of March" (a.d. iii Id. Mart.) is March 13th: two days before March 15th, not three.

English usage also often follows the Latin contraction of the phrasing, which omits the words ante diem. March 13th may appear as the "third ides of March" or the "third of the ides of March". Thus, the "second ides" (pridie idus) is the 14th day of the old long months and the 12th day of the other months; the "third ides" (tertia idus) is the day before that; the "fourth ides" is the day before that; and so on until the "eighth ides", which is preceded by the nones in every month.

Coordinate terms

• calends, nones

Derived terms

• ides of April

Translations

Etymology 2

See ide.

Noun

ides

1. plural of ide

References

Anagrams

• -side, Desi, Dies, EIDs, Eids, IEDs, SEID, Side, deis, desi, dies, eids, side, sied

Galician

Verb

ides

1. second-person plural present indicative of ir

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *idis (“woman”), potentially from Proto-Indo-European *h?id?-és- (“fire, flame, burning”). Cognate with Old Saxon idis and Old High German itis. According to Jacob Grimm it is also cognate with Old Norse dís but this is heavily debated.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?i.des/

Noun

ides f

1. (poetic) virgin, lady, woman, queen

Declension

Portuguese

Verb

ides

1. Second-person plural (vós) present indicative of ir