different between exigence vs stound
exigence
English
Etymology
Borrowed from French exigence.
Noun
exigence (countable and uncountable, plural exigences)
- exigency
- 1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, chapter 9
- Chagrined and surprised, they were obliged, though unwillingly, to turn back, for no shelter was nearer than their own house. One consolation however remained for them, to which the exigence of the moment gave more than the usual propriety; it was that of running with all possible speed down the steep side of the hill which led immediately to the garden gate.
- 1811, Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, chapter 9
French
Etymology
Latin exigentia.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??.zi.???s/
- Rhymes: -??s
- Homophone: exigences
Noun
exigence f (plural exigences)
- demand
Related terms
- exiger
Further reading
- “exigence” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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stound
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /sta?nd/, /stu?nd/
- (US) IPA(key): /sta?nd/, /stund/
- Rhymes: -a?nd, -u?nd
Etymology 1
From Middle English stond, stounde, stound (“hour, time, season, moment”), from Old English stund (“a period of time, while, hour, occasion”), from Proto-Germanic *stund? (“point in time, hour”), from Proto-Indo-European *stut- (“prop”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh?- (“to stand”). Cognate with Dutch stond (“hour, time, moment”), German Stunde (“hour”), Danish stund (“time, while”), and Swedish stund (“time, while”). Compare Middle English stunden (“to linger, stay, remain for a while”), Icelandic stunda (“to frequent, pursue”). Related to stand.
Alternative forms
- stund, stoind, stoond, stoon, stoun, stuind (Scotland)
Noun
stound (plural stounds)
- (chronology, obsolete or dialectal) An hour.
- 1765, Percy's Reliques, The King and the Tanner of Tamworth (original license: 1564):
- What booth wilt thou have? our king reply'd / Now tell me in this stound
- 1765, Percy's Reliques, The King and the Tanner of Tamworth (original license: 1564):
- (obsolete) A tide, season.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)
- (archaic or dialectal) A time, length of time, hour, while.
- 1801, Walter Scott, The Talisman:
- He lay and slept, and swet a stound, / And became whole and sound.
- 1801, Walter Scott, The Talisman:
- (archaic or dialectal) A brief span of time, moment, instant.
- Listen to me a little stound.
- A moment or instance of urgency; exigence.
- (dialectal) A sharp or sudden pain; a shock, an attack.
- 1857, Alexander Maclaren, Expositions of Holy Scripture:
- No wonder that they cried unto the Lord, and felt a stound of despair shake their courage
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.viii:
- ere the point arriued, where it ought, / That seuen-fold shield, which he from Guyon brought / He cast betwene to ward the bitter stound [...].
- 1857, Alexander Maclaren, Expositions of Holy Scripture:
- A stroke or blow (from an object or weapon); (by extension) a lashing; scourging
- 1807, Sir Egerton Brydges, Censura Literaria:
- How many pipes, as many sounds Do still impart To your Sonne's hart / As many deadly wounds : How many strokes, as many stounds, Each stroke a dart, Each stound a smart, Poore captive me confounds.
- 1843, Alexander Slidell Mackenzie, Proceedings of the Court of Inquiry appointed to inquire into the intended mutiny on board the United States Brig of War Somers, on the high seas:
- A colt is made of three stounds, I think; it is lighter, much, than the cat. The punishment with the colt is always given without stripping, over the clothes.
- 1807, Sir Egerton Brydges, Censura Literaria:
- A fit, an episode or sudden outburst of emotion; a rush.
- 1893, The Homoeopathic World:
- Several stounds of pain in the cleft between great and second toe (anterior tibial nerve). I forget which side, but I think it was the right. Slight pains in left temple, > pressure. Pain in upper part of right eyeball.
- 1895, Mansie Wauch, The Life of Mansie Wauch: tailor in Dalkeith:
- [...] and run away with him, almost whether he will or not, in a stound of unbearable love!
- 1893, The Homoeopathic World:
- Astonishment; amazement.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Edmund Spenser to this entry?)
- 1720, John Gay, "Prologue", in Poems on Several Occasions
- we stood as in a stound,
And wet with tears , like dew , the ground
- we stood as in a stound,
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
stound (third-person singular simple present stounds, present participle stounding, simple past and past participle stounded)
- (obsolete or dialectal, intransitive) To hurt, pain, smart.
- 1819, John Keats, Otho the Great, Act IV, Scene II, verses 93-95
- Your wrath, weak boy ? Tremble at mine unless
- Retraction follow close upon the heels
- Of that late stounding insult […]
- 1819, John Keats, Otho the Great, Act IV, Scene II, verses 93-95
- (obsolete or dialectal, intransitive) To be in pain or sorrow, mourn.
- (obsolete or dialectal, intransitive) To long or pine after, desire.
- 1823, Edward Moor, Suffolk words and phrases: or, An attempt to collect the lingual localisms of that county:
- Recently weaned children "stound after the breast."
- 1823, Edward Moor, Suffolk words and phrases: or, An attempt to collect the lingual localisms of that county:
Etymology 2
From Middle English stunden (“to linger, stay, remain for a while”). Cognate with Icelandic stunda (“to frequent, pursue”). More at stand.
Verb
stound (third-person singular simple present stounds, present participle stounding, simple past and past participle stounded)
- (intransitive, obsolete) To stand still; stop.
- (intransitive, Britain dialectal) To stop to listen; pause.
Noun
stound (plural stounds)
- (Britain dialectal) A stand; a stop.
Etymology 3
From Middle English stound, stonde, stoonde, ston, from Old English stond (“a stand”). Compare stand.
Noun
stound (plural stounds)
- A receptacle for holding small beer.
- 1987, Alastair Mackie, Ingaidherins: Selected Poems - Page 54:
- Will Ardnamurchan never end? We're four stounds in a metal box [...]
- 1987, Alastair Mackie, Ingaidherins: Selected Poems - Page 54:
Anagrams
- Dutson, donuts, stunod
Middle English
Alternative forms
- stounde, stounte, stowunde, stund, stunde, stunt, stonde, stont, stonte, stunden
Etymology
From Old English stund (“a period of time, while, hour, occasion”), from Proto-Germanic *stund? (“point in time, hour”).
Noun
stound
- A while: a short span of time.
- Time, especially the proper time for doing something:
- A moment, a chance, an opportunity.
- A season of the year.
- A canonical hour: one of the 3-hour divisions of the day, (Christianity) its divine office.
- An hour: one of the 24 divisions of the day.
Descendants
- English: stound
- Scots: stound
Adverb
stound
- A while: for a short span of time.
References
- "st?und(e" in the Middle English Dictionary
Scots
Etymology 1
From Middle English stound (“a moment”), from Old English stund, Old Norse stund
Noun
stound (plural stounds)
- A period of time, a moment.
- (obsolete) A sudden pain, a pang.
- (Middle Scots, obsolete) A stroke or blow (from an object or weapon).
- (obsolete) A verbal attack, invective.
Verb
stound (third-person singular present stounds, present participle stoundin, past stoundit, past participle stoundit)
- (transitive) To inflict pain on, to wound.
- (intransitive) To hurt, to be painful.
References
- stound n. in A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, Scottish Language Dictionaries, Edinburgh.
- stound v.1 in A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, Scottish Language Dictionaries, Edinburgh.
Etymology 2
From Middle English stun, stunien; Middle English astound
Verb
stound (third-person singular present stounds, present participle stoundin, past stoundit, past participle stoundit)
- To astound, to stupefy, to terrify
References
- stound v.2 in A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue, Scottish Language Dictionaries, Edinburgh.
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