different between chamar vs bhangi

English

Alternative forms

• chumar

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi ???? (cam?r, “tanner”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /t???m??/

Noun

chamar (plural chamars)

1. A member of a Hindu caste who works in leather; a tanner or leather-worker.
   • 1888, Rudyard Kipling, ‘The Sending of Dana Da’, In Black and White, Folio Society 2005, page 419:

     It is not strictly a native patent, though chamars of the skin and hide castes can, if irritated, despatch a Sending which sits on the breast of their enemy by night and nearly kills him.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese chamar, from Latin cl?m?re, present active infinitive of clam? (“cry out”). Compare Spanish llamar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t??a?ma?]

Verb

chamar (first-person singular present chamo, first-person singular preterite chamei, past participle chamado)

1. to call; to refer to (by name)

2. (transitive) to call, summon

3. (transitive with por) to call, summon
   • 2016, Malandrómeda, Chegar e encher [song]:

     Cando voltei, cheguei e enchín,

     choran os problemas e chaman por min;

     non sei moi ben se hoxe vou ser quen

     de pasar de lado como se non fora comigo

     When I came back, and pulled it off at the first attempt [veni, vidi, vici]

     the troubles cry and call me;

     I'm not sure if today I'll be capable

     of passing by as if that's not me

4. to invoke

   Synonym: invocar

5. (transitive) to goad; to steer, guide (the cattle, a yoke)

   Synonym: afalar

6. first/third-person singular future subjunctive of chamar
7. first/third-person singular personal infinitive of chamar

Conjugation

Derived terms

• rechamar

References

• “chamar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “chamar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “chamar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “chamar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “chamar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese chamar (“call”), from Latin clam?re, present active infinitive of clam?, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh?- (“to shout”). Compare Spanish llamar. Doublet of clamar, a borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /??.?ma?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /??.?ma(?)/, [???.?mä(?)]
  • (Paulista) IPA^(key): /??.?ma(?)/, /??.?ma(?)/
  • (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /?a.?ma(?)/, /?a.?ma(?)/
  • (Carioca) IPA^(key): /??.?ma(?)/
  • (Nordestino) IPA^(key): /??.?ma(h)/

Verb

chamar (first-person singular present indicative chamo, past participle chamado)

1. (transitive) to call; to summon (to ask someone to come)

   Synonyms: clamar, invocar, convocar

2. (ditransitive, with the indirect object taking de) to call (to use as the name of)

3. (ditransitive, copulative with de for the second object) to call (to verbally ascribe someone a quality)

4. (takes a reflexive pronoun, transitive) to be called (to have a specific name)

   Synonyms: nomear, denominar, designar

Conjugation

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:chamar.

Related terms

• chamada, chamado, chamador, chamamento
• chamariz, chamarisco

English

Noun

bhangi (plural bhangis)

1. Alternative letter-case form of Bhangi
   • 1946 June 23, Mohandas Gandhi, in Harijan, reprinted in Economic Thought, published 1962:

     At a stroke the bhangis will raise scavenging to a fine art and give it the status it should have had long ago.