different between vallum vs murus

English

Etymology

From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.

Noun

vallum (plural vallums or valla)

1. (historical, Roman antiquity) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.
2. (anatomy) The eyebrow.

Latin

Etymology

From vallus (“stake, palisade, point”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn, wind, roll”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?al.lum/, [?u?äl?????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?val.lum/, [?v?l?um]

Noun

vallum n (genitive vall?); second declension

1. wall, rampart, entrenchment

Usage notes

• The nature of the root vowel (v?llum or v?llum) is not properly known. Most dictionaries that specify vowel length in closed syllables, especially those published in the 21st century, do not mark it as long.

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Derived terms

• intervallum

Descendants

• Italian: vallo
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: vall
• Old Portuguese:
  • Galician: valo
  • Portuguese: valo, vala
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: valla
    • ? Catalan: valla
• ? Albanian: avulli
• ? English: vallum (learned)
• ? Czech: val
• ? Polish: wa?
• ? Romanian: val
• ? West Germanic: *wall (see there for further descendants)

References

• vallum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vallum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vallum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• vallum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• vallum in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vallum in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin m?rus (“wall”).

Noun

murus (plural muri)

1. A wall. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
2. (palynology) A pattern-forming ridge on the surface of a pollen grain.

Synonyms

• vallum

Derived terms

• murate
• muroid

Estonian

Noun

murus

1. inessive singular of muru

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”), see also Latin m?n?re (“to protect”), Old Norse -mæri (“border-land, boundary”), Old English mære (“landmark, border, boundary”). See also Sanskrit ???? (múr, “wall”), Sanskrit ??? (mura, “surrounding, encircling, enclosing”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?mu?.rus/, [?mu???s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?mu.rus/, [?mu??us]

Noun

m?rus m (genitive m?r?); second declension

1. a wall

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Derived terms

• m?r?tus
• p?m?rium
• M?rus d?cicus (“Dacian Wall”)
• M?rus gallicus (“Gallic Wall”)
• M?rus R?mul? (“Wall of Romulus”)

Descendants

See also

• pari?s

References

• murus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• murus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• murus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• murus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• murus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• murus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin