different between rampart vs vallum

English

Etymology

From Old French rempart (“a rampart of a fort”), from remparer (“to defend, fortify, inclose with a rampart”), from re- (“again”) + emparer (“to defend, fortify, surround, seize, take possesion of”), from en- + parer (“to defend”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??æm.p??(?)t/

Noun

rampart (plural ramparts)

1. A defensive mound of earth or a wall with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a wall-like ridge of earth, stones or debris; an embankment for defensive purpose.
2. A defensive structure; a protective barrier; a bulwark.
3. That which defends against intrusion from outside; a protection.
4. (usually in the plural) A steep bank of a river or gorge.

Translations

Verb

rampart (third-person singular simple present ramparts, present participle ramparting, simple past and past participle ramparted)

1. To defend with a rampart; fortify or surround with a rampart.
   • 1793, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Ode on the Departing Year

     Those grassy hills, those glittering dells, / Proudly ramparted with rocks.

Derived terms

• ramparted

Related terms

• fraise

Translations

Further reading

• rampart in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• rampart in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• rampart at OneLook Dictionary Search

English

Etymology

From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.

Noun

vallum (plural vallums or valla)

1. (historical, Roman antiquity) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.
2. (anatomy) The eyebrow.

Latin

Etymology

From vallus (“stake, palisade, point”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn, wind, roll”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?al.lum/, [?u?äl?????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?val.lum/, [?v?l?um]

Noun

vallum n (genitive vall?); second declension

1. wall, rampart, entrenchment

Usage notes

• The nature of the root vowel (v?llum or v?llum) is not properly known. Most dictionaries that specify vowel length in closed syllables, especially those published in the 21st century, do not mark it as long.

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Derived terms

• intervallum

Descendants

• Italian: vallo
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: vall
• Old Portuguese:
  • Galician: valo
  • Portuguese: valo, vala
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: valla
    • ? Catalan: valla
• ? Albanian: avulli
• ? English: vallum (learned)
• ? Czech: val
• ? Polish: wa?
• ? Romanian: val
• ? West Germanic: *wall (see there for further descendants)

References

• vallum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vallum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vallum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• vallum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• vallum in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vallum in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin