different between trilemma vs lemma

English

Etymology

The word is modelled on dilemma, with di- (“prefix meaning ‘two, twice, double’”) replaced by tri- (“prefix meaning ‘three’”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /t?a??l?m?/
• Rhymes: -?m?
• Hyphenation: tri?lem?ma

Noun

trilemma (plural trilemmas)

1. A circumstance in which a choice must be made between three options that seem equally undesirable or, put another way, in which a choice must be made among three desirable options, only two of which are possible at the same time.
2. (logic) An argument containing three alternatives, jointly exhaustive either under any condition(s) or under all condition(s) consistent with the universe of discourse of that argument, that each imply the same conclusion.

Coordinate terms

• dilemma (two options)
• tetralemma (four options)
• polylemma

Derived terms

• Agrippa's trilemma
• Lewis's trilemma
• Münchhausen trilemma
• trilemmatic

Related terms

• lemma

Translations

Further reading

• trilemma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: l?m'?, IPA^(key): /?l?m?/
• Rhymes: -?m?
• Hyphenation: lem?ma

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek ????? (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from ??????? (lambán?, “I take”).

Noun

lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)

1. (mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.
2. (linguistics, lexicography) The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc.
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:lemma.
3. (psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word.

Synonyms

• (linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word): citation form

Antonyms

• (linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word): non-lemma

Derived terms

• lemmatize

Related terms

Translations

See also

• basic form
• canonical form
• citation form
• dictionary form
• headword
• infinitive

Etymology 2

From the Ancient Greek ????? (lémma), from ???? (lép?, “I peel”).

Noun

lemma (plural lemmas or lemmata)

1. (botany) The outer shell of a fruit or similar body.
2. (botany) One of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses.

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

Sister projects

• lemma (psycholinguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (morphology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (logic) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• headword on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• lemma (botany) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• melam

Czech

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ????? (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?l?ma]
• Hyphenation: le?m?ma

Noun

lemma n

1. (mathematics) lemma
2. (linguistics) lemma (the canonical form of an inflected word)

Declension

Related terms

• lemmatický
• lemmatizace
• lemmatizátor
• lemmatizovat
• dilema
• trilema

Further reading

• lemma in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• lemma in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin lemma, from Ancient Greek ????? (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l?.ma?/
• Hyphenation: lem?ma
• Rhymes: -?ma?

Noun

lemma n (plural lemma's or lemmata, diminutive lemmaatje n)

1. (mathematics) lemma (proved or accepted proposition used in a proof)
2. (linguistics) lemma (the canonical form of an inflected word, dictionary form)

Derived terms

• hoofdlemma
• sublemma

Finnish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from ??????? (lambán?, “I take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?lem??/, [?le?m??]
• Rhymes: -em??
• Syllabification: lem?ma

Noun

lemma

1. (linguistics) lemma
2. (mathematics) lemma

Declension

Synonyms

• (linguistics): perusmuoto
• (math): apulause

Italian

Etymology

From Latin lemma, from Ancient Greek ????? (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l?m.ma/
• Hyphenation: lem?ma

Noun

lemma m (plural lemmi)

1. (mathematics, linguistics, lexicography) lemma
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:lemma.
2. entry (in a dictionary)

Related terms

• lemmatico

References

• Pianigiani, Ottorino (1907) , “lemma”, in Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Rome: Albrighi & Segati

• “lemma” in Il Sabatini Coletti: Dizionario della Lingua Italiana (© 2011)
• lemma¹ in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• melma

Latin

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek ????? (lêmma).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?le?m.ma/, [???e?m?ä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?lem.ma/, [?l?m??]

Noun

l?mma n (genitive l?mmatis); third declension

1. (literally) A subject for consideration or explanation, a theme, matter, subject, contents.
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Pliny the Younger to this entry?)
2. (transferred senses):
   1. the title of an epigram (because it indicates the subject)
   2. the epigram itself
   3. story, tale
   4. the assumption or lemma of a syllogism
      • (Can we find and add a quotation of Aulus Gellius to this entry?)

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Derived terms

• n?tr?cis l?mmata

Descendants

• Dutch: lemma
• English: lemma
• French: lemme
• German: Lemma
• Italian: lemma
• Spanish: lema

References

• lemma in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• lemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, page 898/2
• “lemma” on page 1,015/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

Etymology 2

Probably a scribal error: ni ? m.

Noun

lemma f (genitive lemmae); first declension

1. medieval spelling of lemnia [8th C.]

Declension

First-declension noun.

References

• lemma in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• lemma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

Polish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from ??????? (lambán?, “I take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l?m.ma/

Noun

lemma f

1. (linguistics, lexicography) lemma

Declension

Further reading

• lemma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

lemma n

1. lemma (the canonical form of an inflected word, a headword in a dictionary)
2. (mathematics) lemma (a proposition)

Declension

Synonyms

• uppslagsord

Related terms

References

• lemma in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)