different between macra vs mara

English

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek ????? (makrá), neuter plural form of ?????? (makrós, “long”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: m?k?r?, IPA^(key): /?mæk??/

Noun

macra

1. plural of macron
   • 1986: Peter V. Jones and Keith C. Sidwell, Reading Latin: Grammar, vocabulary and exercises, Introduction — General notes (note 1), page 2 (22^nd printing (2007); Cambridge University Press; ?ISBN

     All vowels are pronounced short unless marked with a ¯ (macron) over them. So observe different vowel length of ‘i’ in, e.g., f?lia, etc. It may be helpful, but is not essential, to mark macra in your exercises.

Anagrams

• CAMRA, cam'ra

Irish

Alternative forms

• macradh (obsolete)
• macraidh f

Etymology

From Old Irish maccrad; synchronically analyzable as mac +? -ra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?ak???/

Noun

macra m (genitive singular macra, nominative plural macraí)

1. (collective), boys, youths, children
2. (countable) band of youths

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 mac(c)rad”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• “macrai?” in Foclóir Gae?ilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1st ed., 1904, by Patrick S. Dinneen, page 455.
• “macra?” in Foclóir Gae?ilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 2nd ed., 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen.
• "macra" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Latin

Adjective

macra

1. nominative feminine singular of macer
2. nominative neuter plural of macer
3. accusative neuter plural of macer
4. vocative feminine singular of macer
5. vocative neuter plural of macer

Adjective

macr?

1. ablative feminine singular of macer

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m????/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *mar?, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.

Noun

mara (plural maras)

1. (folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.
   • 1996, Catharina Raudvere, "Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions", pages 41-55 in Sandra Billington & Miranda Green (editors) The Concept of the Goddess

     The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.

Translations

Further reading

• Mare (folklore) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit ??? (m?ra).

Noun

mara (plural maras)

1. (Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.
   • 2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity, Wisdom Publications, page 20,

     Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates. […] The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder. […] The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive. […] The last mara is the mara of death.

2. (Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.
   • 2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73

     The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.

Related terms

• Mara

Translations

Further reading

• Mara (demon) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 3

From New World Spanish mará.

Noun

mara (plural maras)

1. Any caviid rodent of genus Dolichotis, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina.
   • 1999, Mara, entry in Michael A. Mares (editor), Encyclopedia of Deserts, page 349,

     Maras have a white patch of fur on the rump that they flash when running, an adaptation they share with several species of deer and antelopes.

   • 2011, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, & Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, 5th edition, page 228,

     Although only Dolichotis, the Patagonian mara, is strongly cursorial, all caviids have certain features typical of cursorial mammals […] .

   • 2013, R. L. Honeycutt, Chapter 3: Phylogenetics of Caviomorph Rodents and Genetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Sociality and Mating Systems in the Caviidae, José Roberto Moreira, Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz, Emilio A. Herrera, David W. Macdonald (editors), Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species, page 70,

     Maras (Dolichotis patagonum) are cursorial and prefer open areas with low vegetation for breeding and more barren sites for construction of communal dens (Taber and Macdonald 1992; Baldi 2007).

Derived terms

• Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
• Chacoan mara (Dolichotis salinicola)

Translations

References

• Mara (mammal) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Dolichotis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Dolichotis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Anagrams

• -rama, ARMA, Amar, Aram, Rama, R?ma, maar

'Are'are

Verb

mara

1. be ashamed

References

• Kate?ina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

Afar

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *mar- (“to reside”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m???/

Noun

mára m 

1. (collective) people

Synonyms

• sinám

References

• Enid M. Parker (2006) English-Afar dictionary, Dunwoody Press, ?ISBN, page vi
• Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle; Mohamed Hassan Kamil (Aug 2013) , “Gender, Number and Agreement in Afar (Cushitic language)”, in 43th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics?^[1], Leiden: Leiden University

Baagandji

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Balinese

Romanization

mara

1. Romanization of ??
2. Romanization of ???

Bikol Central

Adjective

mará

1. dry; parched

Derived terms

Dieri

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Esperanto

Etymology

From maro +? -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?mara/
• Hyphenation: mar?a
• Rhymes: -ara

Adjective

mara (accusative singular maran, plural maraj, accusative plural marajn)

1. sea, of or relating to the sea

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?r?/, [?m?r?]
• Rhymes: -?r?
• Syllabification: ma?ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed to Western Finnish dialects from Swedish mara, which is a demon that sits on the chest of a sleeping person and causes bad dreams. This demon is known by similar names among Germanic peoples and lives in English nightmare, in Swedish mardröm (“nightmare”) and in German Nachtmahr (“nightmare”), among others.

Noun

mara

1. (folklore) nightmare, mara (demon that causes bad dreams)

   Synonym: painajainen

Declension

Etymology 2

From Spanish mará.

Noun

mara

1. mara (hare-like South American rodent of the family Dolichotis)

Declension

Anagrams

• maar

Gamilaraay

Alternative forms

• m?r?, márá, murra, m?rr?

Etymology

From Proto-Central New South Wales *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?a/

Noun

mara

1. hand
2. finger

Quotations

• 1856, William Ridley, On the Kamilaroi Tribe of Australians and Their Dialect, in Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, volume 4:

  Hand . . . m?r?

  Fingers . . m?rr?.

• 1856, William Ridley, gurre kamilaroi, or Kamilaroi Sayings

  immanuel murra kaw?ni miedul, goe, “mi?d?l waria.”

  Immanuel by hand took the girl, said “damsel arise”.

• 1873, William Ridley, Australian Languages and Traditions, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 2:

  Hand|murra

• 1903, R. H. Mathews, Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 33:

  Hand .... ....|murra

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese amarrar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu mára.

Verb

mara

1. to tie

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?ma.ra]
• Hyphenation: ma?ra

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit ??? (m?ra, “slaughter, destruction”).

Noun

mara (first-person possessive maraku, second-person possessive maramu, third-person possessive maranya)

1. calamity, danger

   Synonyms: bahala, bahaya, bala, bencana, cobaan, dakiat, keapesan, kecelakaan, kegagalan, kemaharan, kemalangan, kemudaratan, kerugian, kesialan, malapetaka, mara

Synonyms

• bahaya
• bencana
• malapetaka

Etymology 2

Unknown

Verb

mara

1. to go

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit ??? (ko?a, “fort, shed, hut”) +? ??? (m?ra, “killing, destroying”).

Noun

mara (first-person possessive maraku, second-person possessive maramu, third-person possessive maranya)

1. Alternative spelling of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”).

Further reading

• “mara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?m?a???]

Noun

mara f

1. inflection of muir (“sea”):
   1. genitive singular
   2. plural

Conjunction

mara

1. Cois Fharraige form of mura (“if... not, unless”)

Mutation

Further reading

• "mara" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Entries containing “mara” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “mara” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Japanese

Romanization

mara

1. R?maji transcription of ??

Kaurna

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Derived terms

• marawardli (“palm”)
• marawaka (“cupped hands”)

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (imra?a, “woman; wife”). Formally, a backformation from the latter’s definite form ??????????? (al-mar?a) as in most modern Arabic dialects.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mara/

Noun

mara f (construct state mart, plural nisa, masculine ra?el or ?ew?)

1. woman
2. wife
3. female (of an animal)

Mangarevan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mala?.

Verb

mara

1. (stative) be unhappy, dispirited

Further reading

• A Dictionary of Mangareva

Mapudungun

Noun

mara (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. rabbit
2. hare

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Martuthunira

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?a/

Noun

mara

1. hand

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.

Ngiyambaa

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• maren m

Noun

mara f

1. definite singular of mare

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

mara f (definite singular mara, indefinite plural marer or maror, definite plural marene or marone)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by mare
2. definite singular of mare

Verb

mara (present tense marar, past tense mara, past participle mara, passive infinitive marast, present participle marande, imperative mar)

1. Alternative form of mare

Anagrams

• amar, arma

Nyunga

Alternative forms

• marra
• maar (eastern dialect)

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. (northern dialect) hand

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *maizô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m??r?/

Adjective

m?ra

1. more

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: more, mare
  • English: more
  • Scots: mair

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *mar?.

Noun

mara f (genitive m?ru)

1. nightmare, incubus

Declension

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: mare f
• Norwegian Bokmål: mare m or f
• Swedish: mara c

Etymology 2

Probably related to marr m (“sea”).

Verb

mara

1. to be waterlogged, float low in the water

   marði þá undir þeim skipit

Conjugation

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

mara

1. genitive plural of marr
2. genitive plural of marr

References

• mara in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Verb

mara

1. second-person singular imperative active of marati (“to die”)

Panyjima

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?a/

Noun

mara

1. hand

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Dench, Alan. 1991. ‘Panyjima’. R.M.W. Dixon, Barry J. Blake (eds.) The Handbook of Australian Languages, Volume 4. Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia, 125–244.

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese amarrar and Spanish amarrar and Kabuverdianu mára.

The Portuguese word comes from Dutch aanmeren.

Verb

mara

1. to tie

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma.ra/

Noun

mara f

1. (literary) dream, nightmare
2. (Slavic mythology) A creature that drinks the blood of sleeping people; wight.

Declension

See also

• zmora

Descendants

• ? Belarusian: ????? (mára)

Further reading

• mara in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• mara in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?ma.??/
• Homophone: Mara

Etymology 1

Adjective

mara (plural mara, comparable)

1. (Brazil, slang) Clipping of maravilhoso.
   • Carmen Pimentel (quoting “Siba”), Comunidades virtuais, comunidades linguísticas in 2015, Idioma, n. 29, page 192:

   • 2018, Valentina Schulz, O Diário da Valen: Confissões de um ano inesquecível, Editora Alto Astral, page 61:

   • 2019, Wagner Fontoura, O Cozinheiro de Bangu, Nau Editora, page 144:

Etymology 2

From Spanish mara.

Noun

mara f (plural maras)

1. mara (Central American street gang)

Etymology 3

Verb

mara

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of marar
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of marar

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mala?.

Verb

mara

1. to start rotting, going bad

Noun

mara

1. lump, bruise (from a blow)

Further reading

• Rapanui-English Dictionary

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

mara f sg

1. genitive singular of muir (“sea, ocean”)

Mutation

Spanish

Etymology 1

Clipping of marabunta.

Noun

mara f (plural maras)

1. (colloquial, El Salvador) people in one's in-group, one's crew ('group of friends' -- not 'work-force') (e.g. at work, at school, in one's soccer team, who may or may not be friends)

2. (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) criminal gang

   Synonym: pandilla

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

mara f (plural maras)

1. Patagonian mara (Dolichotis australis)

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (marra)

Pronunciation

Noun

mara (n class, plural mara)

1. time (used to form adverbial numbers, as in "one time" (i.e. once))

Usage notes

• See Appendix:Swahili numbers#Adverbial numbers.

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *mar?; cognate to Old English mare or mære.

Noun

mara c

1. a mythological creature blamed for giving people nightmares

Declension

Etymology 2

Contraction of maraton.

Noun

mara c

1. short for maratonlopp; a marathon race

Declension

Anagrams

• aram., arma, rama

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /?mara/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /?ma?ra/, /?mara/

Noun

mara

1. Nasal mutation of bara (“bread”).

Mutation

Yámana

Verb

mara

1. hear

Synonyms

• muS