different between langue vs dialect

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French langue. Doublet of lingua and tongue.

Noun

langue (uncountable)

1. (linguistics) Language as a system rather than language in use, including the formal rules, structures, and limitations of language.

Antonyms

• (language in use): parole

Anagrams

• Naugle, genual, lagune, ulnage

Bourguignon

Etymology

From Latin lingua.

Noun

langue f (plural langues)

1. language

French

Etymology

From Middle French langue, from Old French langue, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).

See cognates in regional languages in France: Norman laungue, Gallo lenghe, Picard lingke, Bourguignon laingue, Franco-Provençal lengoua, Occitan lenga, Corsican lingua.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l???/

Noun

langue f (plural langues)

1. (anatomy) tongue

2. (linguistics) language (system of communication using written or spoken words)

   — Bertrand Barère

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• ? English: langue
• Haitian Creole: lang
• Karipúna Creole French: lang
• Louisiana Creole French: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long
• Seychellois Creole: lalang

Further reading

• “langue” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• englua
• lagune

Italian

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -an?we

Verb

langue

1. third-person singular present indicative of languire

Anagrams

• lagune

Latin

Verb

langu?

1. second-person singular present active imperative of langue?

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French langue, from Latin lingua.

Noun

langue f (plural langues)

1. (anatomy) tongue
2. language

Synonyms

• (language): langage

Descendants

• French: langue
  • ? English: langue
  • Haitian Creole: lang
  • Karipúna Creole French: lang
  • Louisiana Creole French: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long
  • Seychellois Creole: lalang

Norman

Etymology

From Old French langue, from Latin lingua.

Noun

langue f (plural langues)

1. (Jersey, Guernsey, anatomy) tongue
2. (Jersey) language

Derived terms

• langue dé belle-méthe (“mother-in-law's tongue”) (plant)

Old French

Alternative forms

• lingue, lengue

Etymology

From Latin lingua.

Noun

langue f (oblique plural langues, nominative singular langue, nominative plural langues)

1. (anatomy) tongue
2. language

Synonyms

• (language): language

Descendants

• Middle French: langue
  • French: langue
    • ? English: langue
    • Haitian Creole: lang
    • Karipúna Creole French: lang
    • Louisiana Creole French: lang, lalanng, lalongn, lalangn, lalang, long
    • Seychellois Creole: lalang
• Norman: laungue
• Picard: lingue
• Tourangeau: ningue
• Walloon: linwe

Picard

Etymology

From Old French langue, from Latin lingua.

Noun

langue f (plural langues)

1. (anatomy) tongue
2. language

Slovak

Etymology

From French langue.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [la?nk]

Noun

langue f

1. (linguistics) langue

Usage notes

Indeclinable.

Further reading

• langue in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

English

Etymology

From Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek ????????? (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from ?????????? (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from ??? (diá, “inter, through”) + ???? (lég?, “I speak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?da?.??l?kt/

Noun

dialect (plural dialects)

1. (linguistics) A variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon.

   Hyponyms: sociolect, ethnolect, regiolect, geolect
2. (derogatory) Language that is perceived as substandard or wrong.
3. (colloquial) A language existing only in an oral or non-standardized form, especially a language spoken in a developing country or an isolated region.

   Synonym: vernacular

4. (colloquial) A lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Cantonese as contrasted with Mandarin Chinese, or Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German).

   Synonyms: vernacular, (often derogatory) patois

5. (computing, programming) A variant of a non-standardized programming language.

6. (ornithology) A variant form of the vocalizations of a bird species restricted to a certain area or population.

Usage notes

• In some linguistic traditions, the term "dialect" is restricted to nonstandard lects. In scholarly English usage, it refers to both standardized and vernacular forms of language.
• The difference between a language and a dialect is not always clear, and often has more to do with political boundaries than with linguistic differences. It is generally considered that people who speak different dialects of the same language can understand each other, while people who speak different languages cannot, however, in some cases, people who speak different dialects of the same language are mutually unintelligible. Compare species in the biological sense.

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Meronyms

• idiolect

See also

• dialogue

References

Further reading

• "dialect" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 105.
• Crystal, David (2008) , “dialect”, in A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6 edition, Blackwell Publishing, ?ISBN
• Fodde Melis, Luisanna; (2002) Race, Ethnicity and Dialects: Language Policy and Ethnic Minorities in the United States, FrancoAngeli, ?ISBN

Anagrams

• citadel, dactile, deltaic, edictal, lactide

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle French dialecte, from Latin dialectos, dialectus, from Ancient Greek ????????? (diálektos, “conversation, the language of a country or a place or a nation, the local idiom which derives from a dominant language”), from ?????????? (dialégomai, “I participate in a dialogue”), from ??? (diá, “inter, through”) + ???? (lég?, “I speak”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?dija??l?kt/
• Hyphenation: di?a?lect
• Rhymes: -?kt

Noun

dialect n (plural dialecten, diminutive dialectje n)

1. (linguistics) dialect (language variety)
2. non-standard dialect; vernacular

   Synonyms: streektaal, mondaard

Derived terms

• dialectgroep

Descendants

• Afrikaans: dialek
• ? Indonesian: dialek

Anagrams

• citadel

Romanian

Etymology

From French dialecte.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /di.a?lekt/

Noun

dialect n (plural dialecte)

1. (linguistics) language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it
2. (colloquial) dialect

Declension

Derived terms

• subdialect

See also

• idiom, grai, limbaj, limb?