different between genocide vs genus

English

Etymology

Apparently coined by Polish legal scholar Raphael Lemkin in 1943 or 1944 in reference to the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust. From the stem of Ancient Greek ????? (génos, “race, kind”) (cognate with Latin g?ns (“tribe, clan”), whence genus) + -cide (“killing, killer”). Compare genticide.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?d???n?sa?d/

Noun

genocide (countable and uncountable, plural genocides)

1. The systematic killing of substantial numbers of people on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, social status, or other particularities.
   • 1944, November, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, "Analysis of Government - Proposals for Redress", chapter 9, page 79

     For the German occupying authorities war thus appears to offer the most appropriate occasion for carrying out their policy of genocide.

   A genocide will always be followed by the denial that it ever happened.

2. (by extension) The systematic suppression of ideas on the basis of cultural or ethnic origin; culturicide.
3. (video games, roguelikes) The elimination of an entire class of monsters by the player.
   • 2000, "Kimmo Kasila", Arch lich at Minetown bones, Help! (on newsgroup rec.games.roguelike.nethack)

     I used genocide in my first ascension, but have been genocideless ever since. Makes the game much more interesting, but then again, if one hasn't ascended yet, it will be interesting anyway.

Usage notes

Genocide was coined to mean, and is generally used in law to mean, the destruction of an ethnic group as such (as a group). The is the case whether it is done by killing of all members of the group or other means, such as dispersing the group. In common usage, genocide is often used to mean “systematic mass killing”, whether or not the purpose is the destruction of a group or something else, such as terrorizing the group or killing a population without regard to group membership, more specifically known as democide.

Synonyms

• (systematic killing of substantial numbers of people): genticide

Hypernyms

• mass murder
• crime against humanity

Hyponyms

• ethnic cleansing
• ethnocide
• Shoah
• holocaust, Holocaust
• Porajmos, Samudaripen

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• dehumanization
• Holodomor
• pogrom
• war crime

Verb

genocide (third-person singular simple present genocides, present participle genociding, simple past and past participle genocided)

1. (transitive) To commit genocide (against); to eliminate (a group of people) completely.
   • 1986, Oversight of the Board for International Broadcasting: hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, second session, June 17, 1986, volume 4, page 145:

     Even though the Soviet constitution and that of the Ukrainian SSR contain provisions guaranteeing freedom of religion and other fundamental liberties, the Soviet government genocided the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the 1930's [...]

   • 2006, Get 'Em All! Kill 'Em!: Genocide, Terrorism, Righteous Communities, page 8:

     A clue appears in the Nazis finding the Gypsies dirty and disorderly (for not only Jews were genocided).

   • 2007, War on Truth: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Invasion of Iraq page 66:

     You just know it makes much more sense to encourage brutal governments to buy our WMD technology than to get them to put food in the empty bellies of their people or quit genociding the populace.

   • 2016, Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia, page 1193:

     It is unlikely that Sulla succeeded in genociding the Samnites, since their mountains offered many refuges, but in subsequent centuries the Samnites disappeared, being absorbed into the general population of Italy.

Derived terms

• geno

References

Anagrams

• endogeic

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English genocide. Equivalent to geno- +? -cide.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??e?.no??si.d?/
• Hyphenation: ge?no?ci?de
• Rhymes: -id?

Noun

genocide f (plural genocides, diminutive genocidetje n)

1. genocide

   Synonym: volkerenmoord

Derived terms

• genocidaal

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin genus (“birth, origin, a race, sort, kind”) from the root gen- in Latin gignere, Old Latin gegnere (“to beget, produce”). Doublet of gender, genre, and kin.

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: j?n’-?s, j?n’-?s, IPA^(key): /?d?i?n?s/, /?d??n?s/
• (US) enPR: j?n’-?s, IPA^(key): /?d?i?n?s/
• Rhymes: -i?n?s

Noun

genus (plural genera or (both nonstandard) genuses or genusses)

1. (biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.
   1. A taxon at this rank.

   All magnolias belong to the genus Magnolia.

   Other species of the genus Bos are often called cattle or wild cattle.

   There are only two genera and species of seadragons.
2. A group with common attributes.
3. (topology, graph theory, algebraic geometry) A natural number representing any of several related measures of the complexity of a given manifold or graph.
4. (semantics) Within a definition, a broader category of the defined concept.

Usage notes

• (biology, taxonomy, rank in the classification of organisms): See generic name, binomial nomenclature.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:class

Hyponyms

• (topology, graph theory): Euler genus

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• (semantics): differentia
• (biological taxa):

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum/division
• class
• order
• family
• supergenus
• genus
  • subgenus, section, series
• species

Further reading

• genus in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• genus in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Negus, negus

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin genus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?nus/, [???e?nus]

Noun

genus n (plural indefinite genus or genera)

1. (biology, taxonomy) genus

   Synonym: slægt

2. (grammar) gender

   Synonym: køn

Further reading

• genus on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin genus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??e?.n?s/
• Hyphenation: ge?nus

Noun

genus n (plural genera)

1. (botany) a rank in a taxonomic classification, in between family and species.

   Synonym: geslacht

2. (botany) a taxon at this rank

   Synonym: geslacht

3. (linguistics) gender

   Synonym: geslacht

Derived terms

• subgenus
• supergenus

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??enus/, [??e?nus?]
• Rhymes: -enus
• Syllabification: ge?nus

Noun

genus

1. (botany) Synonym of suku (“genus”)
2. (topology) genus

   Synonym: suku

Declension

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /??e.nus/, [???n?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?d??e.nus/, [?d????nus]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *genos, from Proto-Indo-European *?énh?os (“race”), from Proto-Indo-European *?enh?- (“to produce, beget”); compare also g?ns, from the same root. Cognates include Ancient Greek ????? (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”), Sanskrit ???? (jánas, “race, class of beings”), Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”), and English kin.

Noun

genus n (genitive generis); third declension

1. birth, origin, lineage, descent
2. kind, type, class
3. species (of animal or plant), race (of people)
4. set, group (with common attributes)
5. (grammar) gender
   • 6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225

     Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.

     Nouns have six genders: masculine, e.g. hic Cato 'this man Cato'; feminine, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'; neuter, e.g. hoc monile 'this necklace'; common to two genders, e.g. hic et haec sacerdos 'this priest or priestess'; of three genders, e.g. hic, et haec, et hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman or thing'; epicene, called promiscous in Latin, e.g. passer 'sparrow', aquila 'eagle'.

   • 16th century, Andreas Semperius (a.k.a. Andreas Sampere, Andreu Sempere): Andreae Semperii Valentini Alcodiani, doctoris medici, prima grammaticae latinae institutio tribus libris explicata, Majorca/Mallorca, 1819, p.19

     Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.

     Nouns have seven genders. Masculine, which you can precede with hic: hic dominus 'this Lord'. Feminine, which you can precede with haec, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'. Neuter, which you can precede with hoc, e.g. hoc templum 'this temple'. Common, which you can precede with hic and haec: hic & haec sacerdos 'this male or female priest'. Universal, which you can precede with all three of hic, haec, hoc, or which vary in three forms, e.g. hic, haec, hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman, thing', hic bonus, haec bona, hoc bonum 'this good man, good woman, good thing'. Doubtful, which in the orators can be found to be sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, e.g. hic, vel haec dies 'this day'. Promiscuous, in which a gender appears instead of another, e.g. hic passer 'this sparrow' (always masculine), haec aquila 'this eagle' (always feminine), hic lepus 'this rabbit' (always masculine).

6. (grammar) subtype of word

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Hyponyms

• (grammar, genera nominum): [genus] f?min?num, [genus] mascul?num, [genus] neutrum, genus comm?ne, genus omne
• (grammar, genera verborum): [genus] ?ct?vum, [genus] pass?vum, [genus] neutrum, [genus] comm?ne, [genus] d?p?n?ns, [genus] medium

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

gen?s

1. genitive singular of gen?

References

• genus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• genus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• genus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin genus.

Noun

genus m or n (definite singular genusen or genuset, indefinite plural genera or genus, definite plural genera or generaa or genusa or genusane)

1. (biology, taxonomy) genus
2. (grammar) gender
3. (grammar) voice

References

• “genus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Noun

genus n

1. (grammar) gender (division of nouns and pronouns)
2. (social) gender, sex (social issues of being man or woman)

Usage notes

• Biological gender is called kön. The Latin word genus is used for grammar and more recently for gender studies.

Declension

Synonyms

• (grammar): kön

Related terms

References

• genus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• sugen, unges