different between fundus vs macula

English

Etymology

From Latin fundus (“bottom”). Doublet of fond and fund.

Noun

fundus (plural fundi)

1. (anatomy) the large, hollow part of an organ farthest from an opening; especially
   1. the top, hollow portion of the uterus and
   2. the back, interior part of the eye, accommodating the retina and associated blood vessels, etc.
   3. the uppermost hollow of the stomach, which in humans forms a bulge above where the oesophagus enters the stomach.
   4. the deepest part of a sulcus, such as the sulci in the human cerebral cortex.

Derived terms

• fundectomy
• fundic
• fundusectomy

Translations

Esperanto

Verb

fundus

1. conditional of fundi

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *funðos, from Proto-Indo-European *b?ud?-(m)n-o-s, from *b?ud?m?n. Confer with the similar treatment in Ancient Greek ?????? (púndax, “bottom”). Cognates include Sanskrit ????? (budhna), Persian ??? (bon, “root, bottom”), Ancient Greek ?????? (puthm?n, “bottom”), and Old English botm (English bottom).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?fun.dus/, [?f?n?d??s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?fun.dus/, [?fun?d?us]

Noun

fundus m (genitive fund?); second declension

1. bottom
2. farm; piece of land; estate
3. ground
4. foundation
5. an authority

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Antonyms

• (bottom): vertex

Derived terms

• adfund?
• funditus
• fund?
• fundulus
• profundus

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Albanian: fund, fun, funn
• ? Basque: funts
• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: fundu, afundu, fund
  • Romanian: fund
• Italian: fondo
• Old French:
  • French: fond (see there for further descendants)
    • English: fund
• ? German: Fundus
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: fondu
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: fons
  • Occitan: fons
• Old Portuguese: fundo, fondo
  • Galician: fundo, fondo
  • Portuguese: fundo
• Old Spanish: fondo
  • Spanish: fondo, hondo
    • ? Cebuano: pundo
    • ? Basque: hondo
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: font, fonz
  • Ladin: fond
• Sardinian: fundhu, fundu, funnu
• Sicilian: funnu
• ? Spanish: fundo
• Venetian: fondo

References

• fundus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• fundus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fundus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• fundus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• fundus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

English

Etymology

From Middle English macula (“spot on the skin or in the eye”), borrowed from Latin macula (“spot, stain”). Doublet of macchia.

Noun

macula (plural maculae)

1. (anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision.
2. (anatomy, biology) A small chamber of the inner ear of certain vertebrates filled with endolymph and containing an otolith.
3. A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb.
4. A rather large spot or blotch of color.
5. In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon.

Related terms

• (oval yellow spot near the center of the retina): macula lutea, macular

Translations

Further reading

• macula on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• macula in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• macula in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• macula at OneLook Dictionary Search

Catalan

Verb

macula

1. third-person singular present indicative form of macular
2. second-person singular imperative form of macular

French

Verb

macula

1. third-person singular past historic of maculer

Italian

Alternative forms

• macola

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin macula, whence also the inherited doublet macchia.

Noun

macula f (plural macule)

1. (anatomy, astronomy, geology) macula
2. stain, blot
3. (pathology) macule blotch

Synonyms

• (stain, blot): macchia

Related terms

• maculopatia

Further reading

• macula on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^it

Anagrams

• caluma, lumaca

Latin

Alternative forms

• (Medieval Latin) macla

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *smatlom, from Proto-Indo-European *smh?-tló-m (possibly meaning “wiping”); related to Ancient Greek ???? (smá?, “I wipe clean, cleanse”).

Pronunciation

• macula: (Classical) IPA^(key): /?ma.ku.la/, [?mäk???ä]
• macula: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ma.ku.la/, [?m??kul?]
• macul?: (Classical) IPA^(key): /?ma.ku.la?/, [?mäk???ä?]
• macul?: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ma.ku.la/, [?m??kul?]

Noun

macula f (genitive maculae); first declension

1. in a bad sense
   1. (literally and in general) a spot, speck, small mark or stain
      1. (literally and in particular) a disfiguring spot, stain, or blemish
         1. (on the skin) a blemish, temporary or permanent (for example, a bruise, freckle, mole, birthmark, etc.)
         2. (on a garment) a stain, an area of soiling or defilement
   2. (figuratively) a fault or blemish, a blot on one’s character
   3. (transferred sense) a mark of shame or disgrace; a stigma, brand, or blight
2. in a neutral sense
   1. any kind of marking or point of variegation; a speckle, spot, patch, line, or similar
      1. on the skin or coat of an animal
      2. on the leaves of a plant
   2. (transferred sense) a mesh in a net, a cell in a network, or a hole in a web
      1. (Medieval Latin, in particular) a cell in a coat of mail, a ring of chainmail
      2. (Medieval Latin, transferred sense) a link in a chain

Declension

First-declension noun.

Derived terms

• Macula (cognomen)
• macul?
• macul?sus
• macul?t?ra

Descendants

Borrowings

Noun

macul? f

1. ablative singular of macula

References

• m?c?la in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• macula in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• macula in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• m?c?la in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, page 935/2
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• “macula” on pages 1,058–1,059 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) , “macula, macla”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 624/1
• de Vaan, Michiel, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, vol. 7 of Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, Alexander Lubotsky ed., Leiden: Brill, 2008.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• macule

Etymology

A borrowing from Latin macula.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?makiu?la/

Noun

macula (plural maculas)

1. (Late Middle English, rare) A lesion on the eye.
2. (Late Middle English, rare) A lesion on the skin.

Descendants

• English: macula

References

• “macula, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-09.

Portuguese

Verb

macula

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of macular
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of macular

Spanish

Verb

macula

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of macular.
2. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of macular.
3. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of macular.