different between emperor vs valerian

English

Alternative forms

• emperour (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English emperour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman emperour and Old French empereor (Modern French empereur), from Latin imper?tor (“emperor; commander”), from imper?re (“to command”). Doublet of imperator.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??mp???/, /??mp??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??mp???/, /??mp??/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /?emp???/, /?emp??/

Noun

emperor (plural emperors)

1. The male monarch or ruler of an empire.
   • 1885, Miguel de Cervantes, John Ormsby (translator), Don Quixote Volume 2 Chapter XXIV

     They asked Julius Caesar, the valiant Roman emperor, what was the best death. He answered, that which is unexpected, which comes suddenly and unforeseen

2. Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean when consort to emperor
   • 1994 Het Spinhuis, Transactions: Essays in Honor of Jeremy F. Boissevain

     In 690 Wu usurped the throne and became Emperor herself, which proved a unique event in the history of China.

   • 2002 The Heritage of World Civilizations: To 1700 page 226

     After his death in 683 she ruled for seven years as regent and then, deposing her son, became emperor herself, the only woman in Chinese history to hold the title.

   • 2008 Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation page 211

     Empress, imperial regent, and even emperor herself (r. 797–802), Irene was an important and powerful figure at the Byzantine court in the late eighth and early ninth century.

   • 2013 Voyages in World History page 213

     Originally the wife of the emperor, she engineered the imperial succession so that she could serve first as regent to a boy emperor and then as emperor herself.

   • 2016, Commander Pakydus, "Sindbad & the 7 Galaxies"

     Where is Sindbad? I have a summons for him direct from the galactic emperor herself. He is to be brought here immediately to give an explanation for his recent actions.

3. (political theory) Specifically, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire; the world-monarch.

4. The fourth trump or major arcana card of the tarot deck.
5. A large, relatively valuable marble in children's games.
6. Any fish of the family Lethrinidae.
7. (entomology) Any of various butterflies of the subfamily Charaxinae.
8. (entomology) Any of various large dragonflies of the cosmopolitan genus Anax.

Usage notes

• The only monarch presently styled "emperor" is the Emperor of Japan (??, tenn?). The British monarch ceased to be styled Emperor of India in 1948.
• An emperor is generally addressed as His Imperial Majesty.

Hyponyms

• barracks emperor

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• per orem

English

Etymology

From Old French valeriane or Medieval Latin valeri?na, a reinterpretation of what is found as German Baldrian after val?re (“to be powerful”) or also the gentilic name Valerius, which is seemingly borrowed in the Dark Age period from the late 6^th to early 8^th century from Turkic or Proto-Mongolic, when the Pannonian Avars were direct neighbours to the Germans, notably also present in Hungarian bojtorján (“burdock”), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic, reflected as
Middle Mongolian ??????????? (bal?ir?an-a, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as ?????? (bal?ir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix ????? (-?ana),
Mongolian ?????????? (balchirgana, “false hellebore; angelica”), composed as ?????? (balchir, “infant; young, tender, fresh, rank”) + plant name suffix -???? (-gana).

See Ottoman Turkish ???????? (bald?ran, “hemlock”) for Turkic cognates.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /v??l?????n/
• Homophone: Valyrian

Noun

valerian (countable and uncountable, plural valerians)

1. A hardy perennial flowering plant, Valeriana officinalis, with heads of sweetly scented pink or white flowers.
2. More generally, any plant of the genus Valeriana.
3. (uncountable) The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine.
4. An extract of the dried roots of the Valeriana officinalis used in herbal medicine as a sedative.

Synonyms

• (Valeriana officinalis): allheal, cat thyme

Translations

Anagrams

• Ravelian