different between commonwealth vs imperium
commonwealth
English
Etymology
From common (“public”) +? wealth (“well-being”).From c. 1450 as common wele (commonweal). In the form common-wealth (common welthe) from c. 1520, used by Tyndale in the sense "secular society" in particular, for which other authors preferred publike weal.Also from the 1520s treated as a synonym or loan-translation of res publica (republic) (Rollison 2017:67f).
Pronunciation
- (Canada, US) IPA(key): /?k?m?n?w?l?/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /?k?m?n?w?l?/
- (General New Zealand) IPA(key): /?k?m?n?wel?/
- (UK) IPA(key): /?k?m?n?w?l?/
Noun
commonwealth (plural commonwealths)
- (obsolete) The well-being of a community.
- The entirety of a (secular) society, a polity, a state.
- c. 1526, Tyndale's Bible, Ephesians 2:12
- Remeber I saye yt ye were at that tyme wt oute Christ and were reputed aliantes from the comen welth [???????? (politeía)] of Israel and were straugers fro the testamentes of promes and had no hope and were with out god in this worlde.
- 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act II Scene 1
- I'th' commonwealth I would by contraries
- Execute all things, for no kind of traffic
- Would I admit; no name of magistrate;
- Letters should not be known; riches, poverty,
- And use of service, none; contract, succession,
- Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none;
- No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil;
- No occupation, all men idle, all,
- And women too, but innocent and pure;
- No sovereignty——
- c. 1526, Tyndale's Bible, Ephesians 2:12
- Republic. Often capitalized, as Commonwealth.
- 1649, Act of the Long Parliament
- Be it declared and enacted by this present Parliament and by the Authoritie of the same That the People of England and of all the Dominions and Territoryes thereunto belonging are and shall be and are hereby constituted, made, established, and confirmed to be a Commonwealth and free State And shall from henceforth be Governed as a Commonwealth and Free State by the supreame Authoritie of this Nation, the Representatives of the People in Parliam[ent] and by such as they shall appoint and constitute as Officers and Ministers under them for the good of the People and that without any King or House of Lords.
- 1649, Act of the Long Parliament
Derived terms
For example, the official name of Australia is Commonwealth of Australia. It is applied to four states of the United States, to wit, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Commonwealth of Kentucky, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and the Commonwealth of Virginia. Also used by self-governing, semi-autonomous units such as the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
Related terms
- commonweal
Translations
References
- David Rollison, A Commonwealth of the People: Popular Politics and England's Long Social Revolution, 1066-1649, Cambridge University Press, (2010), p. 13.
- David Rollison in: Fitter (ed.), Shakespeare and the Politics of Commoners: Digesting the New Social History, Oxford University Press, (2017), 64–83.
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imperium
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin imperium (“power, command”), from imper? (“command, order”), from im- (form of in) + par? (“prepare, arrange; intend”). Doublet of empery and empire.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?m?p???i.?m/
- (US) IPA(key): /?m?p??i.?m/
Noun
imperium (countable and uncountable, plural imperia or imperiums)
- Supreme power; dominion.
- The right to command the force of the state; sovereignty.
Translations
Danish
Alternative forms
- imperie
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin imperium.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /em?pe???i?m/
Noun
imperium n (singular definite imperiet, plural indefinite imperier)
- empire
References
- “imperium” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin imperium.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??m?pe?.ri.?m/
- Hyphenation: im?pe?ri?um
Noun
imperium n (plural imperia, diminutive imperiumpje n)
- empire
- Synonyms: keizerrijk, rijk
- business empire
Related terms
- imperiaal
Latin
Alternative forms
- inperium
Etymology
From imper? (“command, order”), from im- (form of in) + par? (“prepare, arrange; intend”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /im?pe.ri.um/, [?m?p??i???]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /im?pe.ri.um/, [im?p???ium]
Noun
imperium n (genitive imperi? or imper?); second declension
- The empire, state, imperial government, realm, dominion.
- The right or power to command or be in control; dominion.
- Absolute command over the empire (or other polity); sovereignty; sway.
- Synonym: dici?
- (military) Military authority, the command (of an army).
- The exercise of authority, rule, law, control, sovereignty.
- Synonyms: dici?, praescr?ptum, r?gula
- A command, order, direction, bidding.
- Synonyms: ?dicti?, ?dictum, praeceptum
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
References
- imperium in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- imperium in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- imperium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- imperium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- imperium in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- imperium in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin imperium.
Noun
imperium n (definite singular imperiet, indefinite plural imperier, definite plural imperia or imperiene)
- an empire
References
- “imperium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin imperium.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /im?pe?ri?m/ (example of pronunciation)
Noun
imperium n (definite singular imperiet, indefinite plural imperium, definite plural imperia)
- empire
References
- “imperium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Swedish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin imperium, used in Swedish since 1845.
Noun
imperium n
- an empire (a state ruled by an emperor or czar)
- Synonyms: kejsardöme, kejsarrike, rike, stormaktsvälde
- an empire (a huge state or similar sphere of power)
Declension
Related terms
References
- imperium in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- imperium in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
imperium From the web:
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