different between budget vs retrenchment

English

Etymology

Recorded since 1432 as Middle English bogett, bouget, bowgette (“leather pouch”), borrowed from Old French bougette, the diminutive of bouge (“leather bag, wallet”) (also the root of bulge), itself from Late Latin bulga (“leather bag, bellow”), of Gaulish origin (Celtic, compare Old Irish bolg (“bag”), Breton bolc’h (“flax pod”)), a common root with the Germanic family (compare Dutch balg (“bellows”)), from the Proto-Indo-European *b?el??-. More at belly.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?d?.?t/
• Rhymes: -?d??t

Noun

budget (plural budgets)

1. The amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity or time-frame.
   • 2008, David Mutimer, Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs 2002 (page 220)

     The latest Tory budget continued the trend begun in 2000 by making further small cuts in family income taxes.
2. An itemized summary of intended expenditure; usually coupled with expected revenue.
3. (obsolete) A wallet, purse or bag.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.x:

     With that out of his bouget forth he drew / Great store of treasure, therewith him to tempt [...].
4. (obsolete) A compact collection of things.
5. (obsolete, military) A socket in which the end of a cavalry carbine rests.

Derived terms

Descendants

• French: budget
  • ? Armenian: ?????? (byu?e), ??????? (pyut?e)
  • ? German: Budget
  • ? Ottoman Turkish: ?????? (büdce)
    • Turkish: bütçe
    • ? Azerbaijani: büdc?
  • ? Russian: ??????? (bjudžét)
• Italian: budget

Translations

Adjective

budget (not comparable)

1. Of or relating to a budget.
2. Appropriate to a restricted budget.

   We flew on a budget airline.

   • 1991, The YS Official Top 100 Part 3 (in Your Sinclair issue 72, December 1991)

     A classic budget game, there isn't really anything outstanding about Rescue at all.

Synonyms

• (appropriate to a restricted budget): low-cost

Translations

Verb

budget (third-person singular simple present budgets, present participle budgeting, simple past and past participle budgeted)

1. (intransitive) To construct or draw up a budget.

   Budgeting is even harder in times of recession

2. (transitive) To provide funds, allow for in a budget.

   The PM’s pet projects are budgeted rather generously

3. (transitive) To plan for the use of in a budget.

   The prestigious building project is budgeted in great detail, from warf facilities to the protocollary opening.

Translations

Czech

Noun

budget m

1. budget

Synonyms

• See also rozpo?et

Further reading

• budget in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• budget in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from French budget, from English budget.

Noun

budget n (singular definite budgetet, plural indefinite budgeter)

1. budget

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English budget.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b??d??t/, /b?t???t/
• Hyphenation: bud?get
• Rhymes: -?t

Noun

budget n (plural budgetten or budgets, diminutive budgetje n)

1. a budget

Synonyms

• begroting

Related terms

• budgetair
• budgetbewaking
• budgetrecht
• budgetteren

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: bujet

Further reading

• “budget” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English budget.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /by.d??/

Noun

budget m (plural budgets)

1. a budget

Related terms

• budgétaire
• budgétivore m & m or f

Descendants

• ? Armenian: ?????? (byu?e), ??????? (pyut?e)
• ? German: Budget
• ? Ottoman Turkish: ?????? (büdce)
  • Turkish: bütçe
  • ? Azerbaijani: büdc?
• ? Russian: ??????? (bjudžét)

Further reading

• “budget” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English budget.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?bad.d??et/, /?bud.d??et/
• Hyphenation: bùd?get

Noun

budget m (invariable)

1. a budget

Related terms

• budgetario

Romanian

Noun

budget n (plural budgete)

1. Alternative form of buget

Declension

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from English budget.

Noun

budget c

1. a budget (a plan for economic spending)

Usage notes

• When used as a prefix, can also mean cheap.

Declension

Derived terms

References

• budget in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???t??n(t)?m(?)nt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /???t??n(t)?m(?)nt/, [?i-]
• Hyphenation: re?trench?ment

Etymology 1

Probably partly from both of the following:

• Middle French retrenchement, retranchement (“removal of a portion from a larger whole; reduction of expenses”) (modern French retranchement (“deduction, subtraction”)), from retrancher, retranchier (“to get rid of, remove completely; to remove a portion from a larger whole; to reduce expenses; to deprive (oneself) of”) [and other forms] + -ment (suffix forming nouns usually of an action or a state resulting from an action). Retrancher and retranchier are derived from Old French re- (prefix meaning ‘again, once more’) + tranchier, trenchier (“to cut”) [and other forms] (modern French trancher (“to slice”)); the further etymology is uncertain, but one possibility is that the Old French words are from Latin trunc?re, the present active infinitive of trunc? (“to mutilate by cutting off pieces; to truncate”), from truncus (“tree trunk; piece cut off”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *twer?- (“to carve; to cut off, trim”).
• retrench (“to cut down, reduce; to reduce expenses; to make (an employee) redundant”) +? -ment. Retrench is derived from Middle French retrancher, retranchier: see above.

Noun

retrenchment (countable and uncountable, plural retrenchments)

1. A curtailment or reduction.

   Synonyms: cutting down, diminution, lessening

   1. (specifically) An act of reducing expenses; economizing.

      Synonym: cutback
   2. (specifically) An act of terminating the employment of a worker or making an employee redundant, often to reduce expenses; a layoff.

Usage notes

Sense 1.2 (“act of terminating the employment of a worker”) is common in countries like Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and South Africa, but uncommon in Britain and the United States.

Translations

Etymology 2

Probably either from:

• Middle French retranchement (“defensive work”) (modern French retranchement (“entrenchment”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again, once more’) + tranche (“trench”) + -ment (suffix forming nouns usually of an action or a state resulting from an action); or
• retrench (“to construct one or more retrenchments; to protect using retrenchments; to fortify”) +? -ment. Retrench is probably derived from Middle French retrancher, retranchier (“to fortify with trenches and banks”), from Old French re- + tranchier, trenchier (“to cut”); see further at etymology 1.

Noun

retrenchment (plural retrenchments)

1. (military, dated) A defensive work constructed within a fortification to make it more defensible by allowing defenders to retreat into and fight from it even after the enemy has taken the outer work.

Translations

References

Further reading

• layoff on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• retrenchment on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• retrenchment (military) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• retrenchment (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia