different between bitter vs raw

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?b?t?/, [?b?t??], (colloquially also) [?b???]
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?b?t??/, [?b???]
• Hyphenation: bit?ter
• Rhymes: -?t?(r)
• Homophone: bidder (in some dialects)

Etymology 1

From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite +? -er (adjectival suffix). Compare Saterland Frisian bitter (“bitter”), West Frisian bitter (“bitter”), Dutch bitter (“bitter”), Low German bitter (“bitter”), German bitter (“bitter”), Swedish bitter (“bitter”), Icelandic bitur (“bitter”).

Adjective

bitter (comparative bitterer or more bitter, superlative bitterest or most bitter)

1. Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).

   • Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth […].

   • 2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, Wired, "The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel":

     A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.

2. Harsh, piercing or stinging.
   • 1999, Neil Gaiman, Stardust, p.31 (Perennial paperback edition)

     It was at the end of February, […] when the world was cold, and a bitter wind howled down the moors […].

3. Hateful or hostile.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

     He inveighed against the folly of making oneself liable for the debts of others; vented many bitter execrations against the brother; and concluded with wishing something could be done for the unfortunate family.
4. Cynical and resentful.

Usage notes

• The one-word comparative form bitterer and superlative form bitterest exist, but are less common than their two-word counterparts more bitter and most bitter.

Synonyms

• (cynical and resentful): jaded

Antonyms

• (cynical and resentful): optimistic

Derived terms

• bitter pill to swallow
• bittersome

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: bita

Translations

See also

• bitter end

Noun

bitter (countable and uncountable, plural bitters)

1. (usually in the plural bitters) A liquid or powder, made from bitter herbs, used in mixed drinks or as a tonic.
   • 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer

     Thus I begin: "All is not gold that glitters,

     "Pleasure seems sweet, but proves a glass of bitters.

2. A type of beer heavily flavored with hops.
3. (nautical) A turn of a cable about the bitts.

Synonyms

• (beer): English pale ale, EPA

Derived terms

• brought up to a bitter

Translations

Verb

bitter (third-person singular simple present bitters, present participle bittering, simple past and past participle bittered)

1. To make bitter.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Wolcott to this entry?)

Etymology 2

bit +? -er

Noun

bitter (plural bitters)

1. (computing, informal, in combination) A hardware system whose architecture is based around units of the specified number of bits (binary digits).
   • 1983, Computerworld (volume 17, number 49, page 21)

     However, 16-bitters are far more expensive than the 8-bit variety. And, unfortunately, have only a handful of business applications software packages that really take advantage of them.

   • 1984, Electronic Business (volume 10, page 154)

     The company believes that the 32-bit market will almost equal that of 16-bitters by the end of the decade. Chip maker Zilog Inc., not a major player in the 16-bit arena, is even more bullish about 32-bitters as it readies its own version for market.

Danish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German bitter.

Adjective

bitter

1. bitter (all meanings)

Inflection

Related terms

• bitterhed
• forbitret

Noun

bitter c (singular definite bitteren, plural indefinite bittere)

1. bitter (the liquid used in drinks)
2. A bitter form of an aquavit

Inflection

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English bitter.

Noun

bitter c

1. bitter (type of beer - only known generally in Denmark for a few years)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch bitter, from Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?t?r/
• Hyphenation: bit?ter
• Rhymes: -?t?r

Adjective

bitter (comparative bitterder, superlative bitterst)

1. bitter (having an acrid taste)
2. bitter, embittered

Inflection

Derived terms

• verbitteren

Related terms

• verbitterd

Descendants

• Afrikaans: bitter

See also

• (tastes) smaak; bitter, zoet, zout, zuur ^{(Category: nl:Taste)}

Noun

bitter m or n (plural bitters, diminutive bittertje n)

1. A type of strong spirits made by steeping (often bitter) herbs in brandy or jenever, traditionally considered a digestive drink.

Usage notes

When used in a countable sense (a serving of bitter), the diminutive is the usual form.

Derived terms

• bitterbal
• oranjebitter
• kruidenbitter

Synonyms

• kruidenbitter

Descendants

• Afrikaans: bitter
• ? Sranan Tongo: bita

Further reading

• The article Bitters on Wikipedia

Finnish

Noun

bitter

1. bitter (type of beer)

Declension

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bi.te/

Verb

bitter

1. (transitive, slang) to understand, usually used in negative form and especially with rien.

Conjugation

Synonyms

• comprendre

German

Etymology

From Middle High German bitter, pitter, from Old High German bittar, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz. Compare Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, English bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?.t?/

Adjective

bitter (comparative bitterer, superlative am bittersten)

1. bitter

(tastes) Geschmack; bitter, salzig, sauer, süß ^{(Category: de:Taste)}

Declension

Derived terms

• bitterkalt
• bittersüß
• Bitterkeit
• verbittern

Adverb

bitter

1. bitterly

Synonyms

• verbittert

Further reading

• “bitter” in Duden online
• “bitter” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “bitter” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.

Italian

Etymology

From English bitters

Noun

bitter m (invariable)

1. bitters

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch bitter, from Proto-West Germanic *bit(t)r, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?t??r/

Adjective

bitter

1. bitter (taste)
2. sad, painful

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: bitter
• Limburgish: bitter

Further reading

• “bitter”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “bitter”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr

Adjective

bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrere, indefinite superlative bitrest, definite superlative bitreste)

1. bitter

Derived terms

• bitterhet

References

• “bitter” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German bitter and Old Norse bitr

Adjective

bitter (neuter singular bittert, definite singular and plural bitre, comparative bitrare, indefinite superlative bitrast, definite superlative bitraste)

1. bitter

References

• “bitter” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?bit.ter/

Adjective

bitter

1. Alternative form of biter

Declension

Old High German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?bit.ter/

Adjective

bitter

1. Alternative form of bittar

References

• Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse bitr (partly through the influence of Middle Low German bitter), from Proto-Germanic *bitraz.

Pronunciation

Adjective

bitter (comparative bittrare, superlative bittrast)

1. bitter; having an acrid taste
2. bitter; hateful
3. bitter; resentful

Declension

Anagrams

• bittre

English

Etymology

From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hr?aw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hr?waz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh?- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Swedish rå (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin cr?dus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian ????? (krov?, “blood”). Related also to Old English hr?ow, hr?oh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree.

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: rô, IPA^(key): /???/

Rhymes: -??

• (US) enPR: rô, IPA^(key): /??/
• (cot–caught merger) enPR: r?, IPA^(key): /??/
• (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger) enPR: rä, IPA^(key): /??/
• Homophones: roar (in non-rhotic accents), rah (with cot-caught merger and father-bother merger)

Adjective

raw (comparative rawer, superlative rawest)

1. (cooking) (of food) Not cooked. [from 9th c.]
2. (of materials, products, etc.) Not treated or processed; in a natural state, unrefined, unprocessed. [from 10th c.]

3. Having had the skin removed or abraded; chafed, tender; exposed, lacerated. [from 14th c.]

4. New or inexperienced. [from 16th c.]

5. Crude in quality; rough, uneven, unsophisticated. [from 16th c.]

6. (statistics) (of data) Uncorrected, without analysis. [from 20th c.]
   • 2010, "Under the volcano", The Economist, 16 Oct 2010:

     What makes Mexico worrying is not just the raw numbers but the power of the cartels over society.

7. (of weather) Unpleasantly cold or damp.
8. (of an emotion, personality, etc.) Unmasked, undisguised, strongly expressed

9. Candid in a representation of unpleasant facts, conditions, etc.

10. (of language) Unrefined, crude, or insensitive, especially with reference to sexual matters
11. (obsolete) Not covered; bare; bald.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:raw

Derived terms

• rawly
• rawness
• raw sugar

Translations

Adverb

raw

1. (slang) Without a condom.

Synonyms

• (without a condom): Thesaurus:condomless

Translations

Noun

raw (plural raws)

1. (sugar refining, sugar trade) An unprocessed sugar; a batch of such.
   • 1800, Louisiana Sugar Planters' Association, Lousiana Sugar Chemists' Association, American Cane Growers' Association, The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, Volume 22, page 287,

     With the recent advance in London yellow crystals, however, the disproportion of the relative value of these two kinds has been considerably reduced, and a better demand for crystallized raws should consequently occur.

   • 1921, American Chemical Society, The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Volume 13, Part 1, page 149,

     Early in the year the raws were melted to about 20 Brix in order to facilitate filtration.

   • 1939, The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Volume 148, Part 2, page 2924,

     The world sugar contract closed 1 to 3 points net higher, with sales of only 36 lots. London raws sold at 8s. 4½d., and futures there were unchanged to 3d. higher.

2. A galled place; an inveterate sore.
3. (by extension, figuratively) A point about which a person is particularly sensitive.
   • 1934, Harold Heslop, Goaf (page 29)

     In a moment Tom was angry. The women saw that Bill had touched him upon the raw, and they went out of the room to prepare a meal.

4. (anime fandom slang) A recording or rip of a show that has not been fansubbed.
5. (manga fandom slang) A scan that has not been cleaned (purged of blemishes arising from the scanning process) and has not been scanlated.

Translations

Anagrams

• RWA, Rwa, WAR, WRA, War, War., war, war-

Anguthimri

Adjective

raw

1. (Mpakwithi) black

References

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English hr?aw.

Noun

raw

1. Alternative form of rawe (“raw”)

Etymology 2

From Old English r?w, r?w.

Noun

raw

1. Alternative form of rewe (“row”)

Welsh

Noun

raw

1. Soft mutation of rhaw.

Mutation