different between dismay vs qualm
dismay
English
Etymology
From Middle English dismayen, from Anglo-Norman *desmaiier, alteration of Old French esmaier (“to frighten”), probably from Vulgar Latin *exmagare (“to deprive (someone) of strength, to disable”), from ex- + *magare (“to enable, empower”), from Proto-Germanic *magin?, *magan? (“might, power”), from Proto-Indo-European *meg?- (“to be able”). Akin to Old High German magan, megin (“power, might, main”), Old English mæ?en (“might, main”), Old High German magan, mugan (“to be powerful, able”), Old English magan (“to be able”). Cognate with Portuguese desmaiar (“to faint”). See also Portuguese esmagar, Spanish amagar. More at main, may.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d?s?me?/
- Rhymes: -e?
Verb
dismay (third-person singular simple present dismays, present participle dismaying, simple past and past participle dismayed)
- To cause to feel apprehension; great sadness, or fear; to deprive of energy
- Synonyms: daunt, appall, terrify
- 1611, King James Version, Josh. i. 9
- Be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed.
- What words be these? What fears do you dismay?
- To render lifeless; to subdue; to disquiet.
- To take dismay or fright; to be filled with dismay.
- 1592, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, III. iii. 1:
- Dismay not, princes, at this accident,
- 1592, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, III. iii. 1:
Translations
Noun
dismay (uncountable)
- A sudden or complete loss of courage and firmness in the face of trouble or danger; overwhelming and disabling terror; a sinking of the spirits
- Synonym: consternation
- 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act I Scene 3
- Come on: in this there can be no dismay;
- My ships come home a month before the day.
- Condition fitted to dismay; ruin.
Translations
Anagrams
- yidams
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qualm
English
Alternative forms
- calm (dialectal)
Etymology
Perhaps from Middle English qualm, cwalm (“death, sickness, plague”), which is from Old English cwealm (West Saxon: "death, disaster, plague"), ?tcualm (Anglian: "utter destruction"), from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm (“killing, death, destruction”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?elH- (“to stick, pierce; pain, injury, death”), whence also quell. Although the sense development is possible, this has the problem that there are no attestations in intermediate senses before the appearance of "pang of apprehension, etc." in the 16th century. The alternative etymology is from Dutch kwalm or German Qualm "steam, vapor, mist," earlier "daze, stupefaction", which is from the root of German quellen (“to stream, well up”). The sense "feeling of faintness" is from 1530; "uneasiness, doubt" from 1553; "scruple of conscience" from 1649.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /kw?m/, /kw?m/, /kw?lm/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /kw??m/, /kw??m/
Noun
qualm (plural qualms)
- A feeling of apprehension, doubt, fear etc. [from 16th c.]
- A sudden sickly feeling; queasiness. [from 16th c.]
- A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt. (Now often in negative constructions.) [from 17th c.]
- (archaic, Britain dialectal) Mortality; plague; pestilence.
- (archaic, Britain dialectal) A calamity or disaster.
Synonyms
- compunction
- misgiving
- scruple
- unease/uneasiness
- See Thesaurus:apprehension
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Verb
qualm (third-person singular simple present qualms, present participle qualming, simple past and past participle qualmed)
- (intransitive) To have a sickly feeling.
References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “qualm”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
Middle English
Alternative forms
- cwalm, cualm, qwalm, qualme
Etymology
From Old English cwealm, from Proto-West Germanic *kwalm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kwalm/
Noun
qualm
- Plague, disease or sickness; that which afflicts.
- The effects, fruits, or ravages of plague.
- (rare) Killing (as a concept or as an instance)
Descendants
- English: qualm (possibly)
- Scots: qualm (possibly)
References
- “qualm, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-12.
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