different between ago vs against

English

Alternative forms

• agoe, agon, agone, ygo, ygoe (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English ago, agon (“passed”), past participle of agon (“to depart, escape, pass”), from Old English ?g?n (“to go away, pass away, go forth, come to pass”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”), *g?n? (“to go”), equivalent to a- +? gone. Cognate with German ergehen (“to come to pass, fare, go forth”). Compare also Old Saxon ?gangan (“to go or pass by”), Gothic ???????????????????????????????? (usgaggan, “to go forth”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) enPR: ?-g?', IPA^(key): /???o?/
• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?-g?', IPA^(key): /?????/
• Rhymes: -??

Adjective

ago (comparative more ago, superlative most ago)

1. (archaic or dialectal) Gone; gone by; gone away; passed; passed away.

2. (archaic or dialectal) Nearly gone; dead (used in Devonshire at the turn of the 19th century)

Usage notes

• Usually follows the noun.

Adverb

ago (comparative more ago, superlative most ago)

1. before

Postposition

ago

1. Before now.

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• Preposition and postposition on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• G. A. Cooke, The County of Devon
• ago at OneLook Dictionary Search
• ago in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• AOG, G. O. A., G.O.A., GAO, GOA, Gao, Goa, goa

Albanian

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ???? (a?a) (compare Turkish a?a) or Greek ????? (ágios).

Noun

ago m

1. (Gheg, archaic, poetic) god

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?a?o/
• Hyphenation: a?go

Noun

ago (accusative singular agon, plural agoj, accusative plural agojn)

1. act, action

Synonyms

• (action): agado

Derived terms

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?a?o/

Noun

ago (plural agi)

1. act, action, deed

Synonyms

• (action): agado

Derived terms

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin acus.

Noun

ago m

1. needle

Italian

Etymology

From Latin acus (“needle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?e?- (“sharp”). Compare Romanian ac.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?a.?o/
• Rhymes: -a?o

Noun

ago m (plural aghi)

1. needle

Related terms

• aguglia (“compass needle”)

Derived terms

• aghetto, aghino (diminutives)
• ago di pino
• agone (augmentative)

Japanese

Romanization

ago

1. R?maji transcription of ??

Karipúna Creole French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a??o/

Interjection

ago?

1. may I come in?

References

• 1987, Alfred W. Tobler, Dicionário Crioulo Karipúna/Português Português/Crioulo Karípúna, Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 43.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *ag?, from Proto-Indo-European *h?é?eti.

Cognate with Old Irish aigid, Ancient Greek ??? (ág?, “I lead”), Old Norse aka (“move, drive”), Avestan ????????????????????????? (azaⁱti), Sanskrit ???? (ájati, “to drive, propel, cast”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?a.?o?/, [?ä?o?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?a.?o/, [?????]

Verb

ag? (present infinitive agere, perfect active ?g?, supine ?ctum); third conjugation

1. I act, I behave
   • 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Paralipomenon II 32:7

     viriliter agite et confortamini nolite timere nec paveatis regem Assyriorum […]

     "Act strongly and be courageous. Do not fear nor tremble before the king of Assyria"
2. I do

   "Agere...does not express, as facere does, the principle, author, nor a single act of producing; but a series of cares and a continued activity." - Latin Synonyms, with Their Different Significations, etc. by M. J. B. Gardin Dumesnil, Trans. Gosset, London, 1819.

   "Agere, Facere et Gerere hoc differunt, quod agere et corporis, et vocis, et mentis agitatum comprehendit. Facere tantum refertur ad opera, quae corpore efficimus; aliquando et pro consentire ponitur. His enim loquendi modis utebantur recte antiqui: mecum seu tecum faciam, hoc est, mecum seu tecum consentiam. Gerere est muneris et oneris..." - Ausonii Popmae frisii de differentiis verborum cum additamentis ab Hekelii, Richteri, Messerschmidii et Vallaurii, 1865.

   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus Amphitryon 2.1.1

     (AMPHITRYON to SOSIA): age ? t? secundum,

     Direct/literal translation: "Do thou walk after/following (me)!" Functional/colloquial translation: "Come, do follow after me!"

   • 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)

     Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.

     "You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of."

3. I make (something that does not continue to exist after the maker stops)
4. I negotiate
5. I effect, accomplish, achieve
6. I treat, I deal
   • (Can we date this quote?) Virgil (in translation), Aeneid Book I, line 575

     Tr?s Tyriusque mih? n?ll? discr?mine ag?tur.

     "Trojan and Tyrian shall be treated by me with no distinction."

7. I act, play, perform (e.g., a role in a play)
8. I perform, transact, conduct, manage (e.g. business, affairs)
9. I administer, direct, guide, govern
10. I drive (sense of providing an impetus for motion), impel, move, push, put in motion
11. I conduct, drive (sense of providing governance to motion)
    • 1877, Sophocles (in translation), Electra, in Aeschyli et Sophoclis: Tragoediae et Fragmenta (Paris: Institutiae Franciae Typographo)

      Intere? Orest?s postr?mus omnium ultim? loc? equ?s ag?bat, in f?ne certam spem vict?riae pon?ns.

      "Meanwhile, Orestes had been driving in last place and holding his horses back, putting his trust in the finish."

12. I discuss, debate, deliberate (used in civil, political and legal contexts)
13. (law) I plead
14. I think upon; I am occupied with
15. I aim at, I get at (generally in the subjunctive mood and preceded by ut, and so meaning: "that I might achieve...")
16. I stir up, excite, cause, induce
17. I lead, drive (e.g., livestock)
18. I chase, pursue
19. I drive at, pursue (a course of action)
20. I rob, steal, plunder, carry off
21. (of time) I pass, spend, lead
22. (of offerings) I slay, kill (as a sacrifice)
23. (of plants) I put forth, sprout, extend
24. (law) I hold (a court)
25. (passive) to go on, to take place, to be at issue

Conjugation

Usage notes

Ago renders a sense of doing or making which is continuative or behavioral. For a sense of a specific instance or occasion of doing or making, see facio. For a sense of doing or making which is yet more continuative, see agito and gero.

According to Döderlein, another difference between ago and facio when they mean "make" is that ago typically has to do with making something that does not continue after the "actor" stops doing the action; whereas with facio, the object continues to exist after the maker has made the thing. In other words, ago is temporal, whereas facio is spacial.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

• ago in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ago in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ago in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

Further reading

• ago in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Lolopo

Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *go¹ (Bradley). Cognate with Burmese ?????? (ackui).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?a³³ko³³]

Noun

ago 

1. (Yao'an) elder brother

Samoan

Noun

ago

1. turmeric

Usage notes

Once cooked, it is called lega.

Võro

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Related to Estonian agu.

Noun

ago (genitive ao, partitive ako)

1. twilight

Inflection

Derived terms

English

Alternative forms

• againest (obsolete), agaynest (obsolete), agaynst (obsolete)
• ageinest (obsolete, rare), ageinst (obsolete), agenest (obsolete), agenst (obsolete), ageynest (obsolete, rare), ageynst (obsolete), agin (colloquial or humorous)
• 'gainst, gainst (poetic)

Etymology

Formed from Middle English ayenes, agenes, againes (“in opposition to”), a southern variant of agen, or directly from again, either way with adverbial genitive singular ending -es; the parasitic -t was added circa 1350, probably by confusion with the superlative ending -est. Surface analysis again +? -st (excrescent ending).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /????(?)nst/
• (US) IPA^(key): /????nst/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /???e?nst/
• Hyphenation: a?gainst

Preposition

against

1. In a contrary direction to.

2. In physical opposition to; in collision with.
3. In physical contact with, so as to abut or be supported by.

4. Close to, alongside.

   A row of trees stood against a fence.
5. In front of; before (a background).

6. In contrast or comparison with.

7. In competition with, versus.

   • “[…] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons?! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”
8. Contrary to; in conflict with.

   Doing this is against my principles.

   It is against the law to smoke on these premises.

   There was no car in sight so we crossed against the red light.

9. In opposition to.

   Antonym: for

   (with implied object) Ten voted for, and three voted against.
10. Of betting odds, denoting a worse-than-even chance.

    Antonym: on

    That horse is fifty-to-one against, so it has virtually no chance of winning.

11. In exchange for.

12. As counterbalance to. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
13. As a charge on.

    Tax is levied against income from sales.

14. As protection from.
15. In anticipation of; in preparation for (a particular time, event etc.).

    The stores are kept well stocked against a time of need.

    • 2003, Rodger J. Bille, A Few of the Chosen: Survivors of Terrorism, Trafford Publishing ?ISBN, page 8

      Rod, who always distrusted such methods, was forced to accept the new way but had begun to stash away large amounts of cash against the day that the system might be sabotaged or failed entirely.

16. (Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.

    The studio weren't sure the movie would ever get made, so they only paid $50,000 against $200,000. That way they wouldn't be out very much if filming never began.
17. (obsolete) Exposed to. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Synonyms

• (in competition with): versus

Antonyms

• with

Translations

Conjunction

against

1. (obsolete) By the time that (something happened); before.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society 1973, p. 6:

     He now gave Mrs Deborah positive orders to take the child to her own bed, and to call up a maid-servant to provide it pap, and other things, against it waked.

Translations

Anagrams

• Gaitans, antigas, antisag