different between zeugma vs paradox

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “yoking; a bond, a band”), from ???????? (zeúgnumi, “to yoke; to join”), from ?????? (zeûgos, “a yoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?zju??.m?/, /?zu??.m?/

Noun

zeugma (plural zeugmata or zeugmas)

1. (rhetoric) The act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one.
2. (rhetoric) Syllepsis.
   • 1963 July, Fred Sommers, Types and Ontology, in The Philosophical Review, Volume LXXII, Bobbs-Merrill Reprint Series in Philosophy, page 343,

     The existence of zeugmas suggests the rule of transitivity. Zeugmas appear incorrect because they embody an allegedly univocal use of a term in a way which violated^[sic] the rule of transitivity.

   • 2008, Amanda Holton, The Sources of Chaucer's Poetics, page 104,

     Thus I would describe 'He took his leave and the wrong umbrella' as zeugma, but not 'He took his hat and umbrella'. Zeugma is an important element in Chaucer's poetic technique, not because he uses it, but because he so regularly turns it down.

Usage notes

Some writers distinguish between zeugma and syllepsis, while others do not.

Hypernyms

• brachylogy

Coordinate terms

• syllepsis

Related terms

• diazeugma
• hypozeugma
• mesozeugma
• prozeugma
• protozeugma

Translations

See also

• zeugma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• Silva Rhetoricae

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?z?w?.m?/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?z?w?.ma/

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmes)

1. zeugma

Czech

Noun

zeugma n

1. zeugma

Further reading

• zeugma in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• zeugma in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
• zeugma in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?zœy??.ma?/
• Hyphenation: zeug?ma

Noun

zeugma n (plural zeugmata or zeugma's, diminutive zeugmaatje n)

1. zeugma

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zø?.ma/

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmas)

1. zeugma

Italian

Etymology

From Late Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?d?z?w.?ma/
• Hyphenation: zèug?ma

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmi)

1. (rhetoric) zeugma

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?zeu??.ma/, [?d??z??u??mä]
• (Vulgar) IPA^(key): /?zeu??.ma/, [?zeu??ma]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?d?zeu??.ma/, [?d??z??u??m?]

Noun

zeugma n (genitive zeugmatis); third declension

1. (Late Latin) zeugma

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

References

• zeugma in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• zeugma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• zeugma in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia?^[1]
• zeugma in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• zeugma in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
• zeugma in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond, yoking”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?zew?(i).m?/

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmas)

1. (rhetoric) zeugma

Derived terms

• zeugmático

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ze??ma/
• Hyphenation: ze?ug?ma

Noun

zeùgma f (Cyrillic spelling ???????)

1. zeugma

Spanish

Alternative forms

• ceugma (rare)

Etymology

From Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond, yoking”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /??eu?ma/, [??eu???.ma]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /?seu?ma/, [?seu???.ma]

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmas)

1. (rhetoric) zeugma

Derived terms

• zeugmático

English

Etymology

From Middle French paradoxe, from Latin paradoxum, from Ancient Greek ????????? (parádoxos, “unexpected, strange”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?pa??d?ks/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?pæ??d?ks/, /?p???d?ks/

Noun

paradox (plural paradoxes)

1. An apparently self-contradictory statement, which can only be true if it is false, and vice versa.

   "This sentence is false" is a paradox.
2. A counterintuitive conclusion or outcome.

   It is an interesting paradox that drinking a lot of water can often make you feel thirsty.

   • 1983 May 21, Ronald Reagan, "Presidential Radio Address",

     The most fundamental paradox is that if we're never to use force, we must be prepared to use it and to use it successfully.

3. A claim that two apparently contradictory ideas are true.

   Not having a fashion is a fashion; that's a paradox.
4. A thing involving contradictory yet interrelated elements that exist simultaneously and persist over time.
5. A person or thing having contradictory properties.

   He is a paradox; you would not expect him in that political party.
6. An unanswerable question or difficult puzzle, particularly one which leads to a deeper truth.
7. (obsolete) A statement which is difficult to believe, or which goes against general belief.
   • 1615, Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present State of Virginia, Richmond 1957, p. 3

     they contended to make that Maxim, that there is no faith to be held with Infidels, a meere and absurd Paradox [...].

8. (uncountable) The use of counterintuitive or contradictory statements (paradoxes) in speech or writing.
9. (uncountable, philosophy) A state in which one is logically compelled to contradict oneself.
10. (uncountable, psychotherapy) The practice of giving instructions that are opposed to the therapist's actual intent, with the intention that the client will disobey or be unable to obey.

Usage notes

• (self-contradictory statement): A statement which contradicts itself in this fashion is a paradox; two statements which contradict each other are an antinomy.
• (counterintuitive outcome): This use may be considered incorrect or inexact.
• (unanswerable question): This use may be considered incorrect or inexact.

Synonyms

• (counterintuitive outcome): shocker (informal)
• (person or thing with contradictory properties): juxtaposition, contradiction
• (unanswerable question): puzzle, quandary, riddle, enigma, koan
• (therapy practice): reverse psychology

Derived terms

Translations

References

Czech

Noun

paradox m

1. paradox

Derived terms

• paradoxní
• paradoxn?

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French paradoxe, from Middle French paradoxe, from Latin paradoxum, from Ancient Greek ????????? (parádoxos, “unexpected, strange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa?.ra??d?ks/
• Hyphenation: pa?ra?dox

Noun

paradox m (plural paradoxen, diminutive paradoxje n)

1. paradox

Derived terms

• paradoxaal
• tweelingparadox

Descendants

• Afrikaans: paradoks

German

Pronunciation

Adjective

paradox

1. paradoxical

Related terms

• Paradox
• paradoxerweise
• Paradoxie
• Paradoxon

Further reading

• “paradox” in Duden online

Hungarian

Etymology

From German paradox, from Ancient Greek ????????? (parádoxos, “unexpected, strange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p?r?doks]
• Hyphenation: pa?ra?dox
• Rhymes: -oks

Adjective

paradox (comparative paradoxabb, superlative legparadoxabb)

1. paradoxical (seemingly contradictory but possibly true)

   Synonyms: önellentmondó, képtelen, helytelen

2. (rare) paradoxical, awkward, adverse (contrary to common perception)

   Synonyms: szokatlan, meglep?, meghökkent?, visszás, fonák

Declension

References

Further reading

• paradox in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin paradoxum, Ancient Greek ????????? (parádoxos)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [para?doks]

Noun

paradox n (plural paradoxuri)

1. paradox

Declension

Derived terms

• paradoxal

Swedish

Noun

paradox c

1. paradox

Declension

Related terms

• paradoxal
• skenparadox