different between chiasmus vs zeugma

English

Etymology

From Latin chiasmus, from Ancient Greek ??????? (khiasmós), from ????? (khiáz?, “to mark with a chi”), from ? (kh, “chi”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka??æzm?s/

Noun

chiasmus (countable and uncountable, plural chiasmi or chiasmuses)

1. (rhetoric) An inversion of the relationship between the elements of phrases.
   • 1934, H. H. Walker & N. W. Lund "The Literary Structure of the Book of Habakkuk", Journal of Biblical Literature 53 (4): 355.

     The book of Habakkuk has been discovered to consist of a closely knit chiastic structure throughout. This is the first poem of such length to stand revealed as a literary unit of this kind, though chiasmus has already been discovered throughout many psalms […]

   • 1984, Ethel Grodzins Romm, "Persuasive Writing", American Bar Association Journal 70: 158.

     John F. Kennedy is more famous for his chiasmus than for many of his policies:
     "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country."

   • 2002, Simon R. Slings, "Figures of Speech in Aristophanes", in Andreas Willi (editor), The Language of Greek Comedy, pages 103-104

     Leeman therefore holds that chiasmus is the basic order in Greek and Latin: antithesis is, he claims, normal for the modern, rational mind, but for the Greeks and Romans chiasmus was more natural.

Derived terms

• chiastic

Synonyms

• chiasm

Related terms

• chiasma

Translations

Further reading

• chiasmus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “yoking; a bond, a band”), from ???????? (zeúgnumi, “to yoke; to join”), from ?????? (zeûgos, “a yoke”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?zju??.m?/, /?zu??.m?/

Noun

zeugma (plural zeugmata or zeugmas)

1. (rhetoric) The act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one.
2. (rhetoric) Syllepsis.
   • 1963 July, Fred Sommers, Types and Ontology, in The Philosophical Review, Volume LXXII, Bobbs-Merrill Reprint Series in Philosophy, page 343,

     The existence of zeugmas suggests the rule of transitivity. Zeugmas appear incorrect because they embody an allegedly univocal use of a term in a way which violated^[sic] the rule of transitivity.

   • 2008, Amanda Holton, The Sources of Chaucer's Poetics, page 104,

     Thus I would describe 'He took his leave and the wrong umbrella' as zeugma, but not 'He took his hat and umbrella'. Zeugma is an important element in Chaucer's poetic technique, not because he uses it, but because he so regularly turns it down.

Usage notes

Some writers distinguish between zeugma and syllepsis, while others do not.

Hypernyms

• brachylogy

Coordinate terms

• syllepsis

Related terms

• diazeugma
• hypozeugma
• mesozeugma
• prozeugma
• protozeugma

Translations

See also

• zeugma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• Silva Rhetoricae

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?z?w?.m?/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?z?w?.ma/

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmes)

1. zeugma

Czech

Noun

zeugma n

1. zeugma

Further reading

• zeugma in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• zeugma in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
• zeugma in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?zœy??.ma?/
• Hyphenation: zeug?ma

Noun

zeugma n (plural zeugmata or zeugma's, diminutive zeugmaatje n)

1. zeugma

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zø?.ma/

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmas)

1. zeugma

Italian

Etymology

From Late Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?d?z?w.?ma/
• Hyphenation: zèug?ma

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmi)

1. (rhetoric) zeugma

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond; yoking”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?zeu??.ma/, [?d??z??u??mä]
• (Vulgar) IPA^(key): /?zeu??.ma/, [?zeu??ma]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?d?zeu??.ma/, [?d??z??u??m?]

Noun

zeugma n (genitive zeugmatis); third declension

1. (Late Latin) zeugma

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

References

• zeugma in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• zeugma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• zeugma in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia?^[1]
• zeugma in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• zeugma in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
• zeugma in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond, yoking”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?zew?(i).m?/

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmas)

1. (rhetoric) zeugma

Derived terms

• zeugmático

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ze??ma/
• Hyphenation: ze?ug?ma

Noun

zeùgma f (Cyrillic spelling ???????)

1. zeugma

Spanish

Alternative forms

• ceugma (rare)

Etymology

From Latin zeugma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (zeûgma, “bond, yoking”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /??eu?ma/, [??eu???.ma]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /?seu?ma/, [?seu???.ma]

Noun

zeugma m (plural zeugmas)

1. (rhetoric) zeugma

Derived terms

• zeugmático