different between woman vs mulier
woman
English
Etymology
From Middle English woman, from earlier wimman, wifman. The Middle English forms are from Old English wiman, wimman, from w?fmann m (“woman; female servant”, literally “female person”), a compound of w?f (“woman”, whence English wife) +? mann (“person”, whence English man). For details on the pronunciation and spelling history, see the usage notes below.
Cognate with Scots woman, weman. Compare Saterland Frisian Wieuwmoanske (“female person; female human”). Similar constructions can be found in West Frisian frommes (“woman, girl”) (from frou and minske, literally "woman human").
A few alternative spellings (see below) respell the term so as not to contain man.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA(key): /?w?m?n/
- (General New Zealand) IPA(key): /?w?m?n/
- Hyphenation: wom?an
- Rhymes: -?m?n
- Homophone: women (some dialects, common in New Zealand and South Africa)
Noun
woman (plural women)
- An adult female human.
- 2012, Kate Welsh, Substitute Daddy (?ISBN):
- "There is nothing wrong with Melissa or the way she was raised. She is a sweet, kind, intelligent woman with a generous heart and more love for her child than you and Mother ever showed for either of your children."
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:woman.
- 2012, Kate Welsh, Substitute Daddy (?ISBN):
- (collective) All female humans collectively; womankind.
- 1972, Helen Reddy, "I Am Woman," first line:
- I am Woman, hear me roar / In numbers too big to ignore
- 1997, Bob Grant, Let's Be Heard, page 42:
- For if modern woman is so intent on keeping her surname alive, why not demand it be passed along to her children?
- 2011, Eileen Gray and the Design of Sapphic Modernity: Staying In, page 109:
- Unsurprisingly, if modern man is a sort of camera, modern woman is a picture.
- 1972, Helen Reddy, "I Am Woman," first line:
- A female person, usually an adult; a (generally adult) female sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.
- 2003, Amelia Jones, The Feminism and Visual Culture Reader, Psychology Press (?ISBN), page 37:
- To be born a woman has been to be born, within an allotted and confined space, into the keeping of men.
- 2007, Clifford B. Bowyer, The Siege of Zoldex, Silver Leaf Books, LLC (?ISBN), page 307:
- One of the elves, a woman with long auburn hair, was garbed identically to the two dwarves.
- 2008, Christopher Paolini, Brisingr: Or The Seven Promises of Eragon Shadeslayer and Saphira Bjartskular - Inheritance Book Three (?ISBN), page 549:
- Clearing a space between the tables, the men tested their prowess against one another with feats of wrestling and archery and bouts with quarterstaves. Two of the elves, a man and a woman, demonstrated their skill with swordplay— […]
- 2014, Oisin McGann, Kings of the Realm: Cruel Salvation, Penguin UK (?ISBN):
- There was a pair of burly dwarves – a woman and a man – bearing the markings of the formidable Thane Guards.
- 2003, Amelia Jones, The Feminism and Visual Culture Reader, Psychology Press (?ISBN), page 37:
- A wife (or sometimes a fiancée or girlfriend).
- 1914, D. H. Lawrence, Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays, chapter 7: "Of Being and Not-Being":
- And then, when he lies with his woman, the man may concurrently be with God, and so get increase of his soul.
- 1914, D. H. Lawrence, Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays, chapter 7: "Of Being and Not-Being":
- A female person who is extremely fond of or devoted to a specified type of thing. (Used as the last element of a compound.)
- 2004, Hyveth Williams, Secrets of a Happy Heart: A Fresh Look at the Sermon on the Mount, page 70:
- Perhaps my problem is that I am a cat woman. I can't imagine any finicky feline (and they all are that at one time or another) slobbering over anyone, even a beloved owner, the way a dog does.
- 2004, Hyveth Williams, Secrets of a Happy Heart: A Fresh Look at the Sermon on the Mount, page 70:
- A female attendant or servant.
- c. 1564–1616, William Shakespeare:
- By her woman I sent your message.
- c. 1564–1616, William Shakespeare:
Usage notes
The current pronunciation of the first vowel of the singular began to appear in western England in the 13th century under the rounding influence of the w, though the older pronunciation with /i/ (? modern /?/) remained in use into the 15th century. Although the vowel of the plural was sometimes also altered to /u/ (? modern /?/) beginning in the 14th century, the pronunciation with /?/ ultimately won out there, possibly under the influence of pairs like foot-feet. However, many speakers (especially of New Zealand English or South African English) have either retained or reinnovated the pronunciation of the plural with /?/. The modern spelling women for the plural is due to influence of the singular; it is attested from the 15th century.
For a time in the 16th and 17th centuries, the pronunciation of the singular sometimes drifted even further back towards /u?/ or /??~o?/ (? modern /o?~??/) and the plural sometimes drifted even further forward towards /i?/, leading to comparisons of the words to "woe man" or "we men".)
Alternative forms
- (feminist spellings; very rare:) (singular:) womxn, womyn, (plural:) womxn, womyn, wymyn
- (eye dialect, sometimes also used as feminist spellings:) (singular:) womin, wommon (also obsolete), womon (plural:) wimin, wimmin, wimmen, wymmyn
- (obsolete, 17th c.) weoman
- (obsolete) whoman
- (plural, informal or obsolete) wimen
- (plural, nonstandard, proscribed) womans
- (plural, nonstandard, African-American Vernacular) womens
Synonyms
- lady; female; see more at Thesaurus:woman
Hypernyms
- man (broad sense), human
Hyponyms
Coordinate terms
- (gender): man
- (age): girl
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Antigua and Barbuda Creole English: uman
- Aukan: uman
- Krio: uman
- Sranan Tongo: uma; oema (superseded)
- Torres Strait Creole: oman
- ? Japanese: ???? (?man)
- ? Korean: ?? (umeon)
- ? Volapük: vom
Translations
See woman/translations § Noun.
References
- woman on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Woman (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Verb
woman (third-person singular simple present womans, present participle womaning, simple past and past participle womaned)
- To staff with female labor.
- 2010, Julia Glass, The Widower's Tale, page 77
- The information desk is now manned (womaned) by someone whose main job is to help you reserve time slots for the computers or guide you through the arduous process of “logging on.”
- 2010, Julia Glass, The Widower's Tale, page 77
- (transitive) To make effeminate or womanish.
- 1598, William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well, III. ii. 50:
- I have felt so many quirks of joy and grief / That the first face of neither on the start / Can woman me unto't.
- 1598, William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well, III. ii. 50:
- (transitive) To furnish with, or unite to, a woman.
- 1603, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice, III. iv. 191:
- And think it no addition, nor my wish, / To have him see me woman'd.
- 1603, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice, III. iv. 191:
- (transitive) To call (a person) "woman" in a disrespectful fashion.
See also
References
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?voman]
Noun
woman m
- obsolete form of oman (“elecampane”), obsolete spelling of voman (“elecampane”)
Declension
Middle English
Noun
woman (plural women)
- Alternative form of womman
Upper Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *oman?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?u?oman]
Noun
woman m
- inula, elecampane (Inula spp., especially Inula helenium)
Declension
woman From the web:
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- what women want cast
- what woman ran for president
- what woman fought for the 19th amendment
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- what women want in a man
mulier
English
Etymology
From Latin mulier (“woman”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?mju?.l??/
Noun
mulier (plural muliers)
- (law, historical) Lawful issue born in wedlock, in distinction from an elder brother born of the same parents before their marriage.
- 1908, Alfred John Horwood, Luke Owen Pike, Year books of the reign of King Edward the Third: Volume 15
- Or suppose an inquest were taken between us, and it were found that they are muliers, for which reason the voucher stood, and they came and pleaded the same exception to escape from warranting as heirs, then two inquests would be taken […]
- 1908, Alfred John Horwood, Luke Owen Pike, Year books of the reign of King Edward the Third: Volume 15
- (obsolete) A woman; a wife or mother.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Blount to this entry?)
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Cowell to this entry?)
Related terms
- muliebrity
Anagrams
- Muriel
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *moljes, of uncertain origin; it has been proposed that it might derive from mollior, comparative of mollis (“soft, tender”), while others propose it might be akin to mulgere and therefore mean “the milk-giver”
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?mu.li.er/, [?m?li?r]
- (Vulgar) IPA(key): /m??l?.?r/, [m????i??r]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?mu.li.er/, [?mu?li?r]
Noun
mulier f (genitive mulieris); third declension
- a woman, female
- Synonyms: f?mina, (hapax, mentioning, Old Latin) vira
- (by extension) a wife
- Synonym: uxor
- (figuratively) a coward, poltroon
- (Medieval Latin) a virgin adult
Declension
Third-declension noun.
Usage notes
Nota bene: A mulier was a woman who was married in contrast with a virgo (“unmarried woman of a marriageable age”). Thus, if a noble young girl of age 12 got married, she would be called a mulier even though by today's standards, we would not call a pre-teen girl a "woman".In contrast, if a common young woman of age 19 or 21 was still unmarried, she often was still called a virgo despite being much older than that very young noble girl married right after bleeding for the first time.
Clearly, if an older woman for whatever reason was not married off, she could be called a mulier too, so it is not a term used exclusively for married women.
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- mulier in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- mulier in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- mulier in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
mulier From the web:
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