different between wilderness vs freedom

English

Etymology

From Middle English wildernes, wildernesse (“uninhabited, uncultivated, or wild territory; desolate land; desert; (figuratively) depopulated or devastated place; state of devastation or ruin; human experience and life”) [and other forms], and then either:

• from Middle English wilderne (“deserted or uninhabited place, wilderness; land not yet settled”) [and other forms] (from Old English wildde?ren (“savage, wild”); see below) + -nes, -nesse (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting qualities or states); or
• from Old English *wild?ornes, *wildd?ornes, probably from wildd?or (“wild animal”) [and other forms] or more likely from wildde?ren (“savage, wild”) (from wildd?or + -en (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘consisting of; material made of’)) + -nes (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting qualities or states).

Wildd?or is derived from wilde (“savage, wild”) (ultimately either from Proto-Indo-European *wel-, *welw- (“hair, wool; ear of corn, grass; forest”), or *g??el- (“wild”)) + d?or (“beast, wild animal”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *d?wes- (“to breathe; breath; soul, spirit; creature”)).

The English word is cognate with Danish vildnis (“wilderness”), German Wildernis, Wildnis (“wilderness”), Middle Dutch wildernisse (“wilderness”) (modern Dutch wildernis (“wilderness”)), Middle Low German wildernisse (“wilderness”) (German Low German Wildernis (“wilderness”)), Saterland Frisian Wüüldernis (“wilderness”), West Frisian wyldernis (“wilderness”).

Sense 3.3 (“situation of disfavour or lack of recognition”) is a reference to Numbers 14:32–33 in the Bible (King James Version; spelling modernized): “But as for you, your carcasses, they shall fall in this wilderness. And your children shall wander in the wilderness forty years, and bear your whoredoms, until your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness.”

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?w?ld?n?s/, /-n?s/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?w?ld?n?s/
• Hyphenation: wild?er?ness

Noun

wilderness (countable and uncountable, plural wildernesses)

1. (uncountable) Uncultivated and unsettled land in its natural state inhabited by wild animals and with vegetation growing wild; (countable) a tract of such land; a waste or wild.

   Synonyms: (chiefly Australia) bushland, wasteness, (both obsolete) wastness, wildland, wilds
2. (by extension)
   1. (countable) A place other than land (for example, the air or sea) that is uncared for, and therefore devoted to disorder or wildness.
   2. (countable, horticulture) An ornamental part of a garden or park cultivated with trees and often a maze to evoke a natural wilderness.
   3. (uncountable, obsolete) Unrefinedness; wildness.
3. (countable, figuratively)
   1. Chiefly followed by of: a bewildering flock or throng; a large, often jumbled, collection of things.
   2. A place or situation that is bewildering and in which one may get lost.
   3. Often preceded by in the: a situation of disfavour or lack of recognition; (specifically, politics) of a politician, political party, etc.: a situation of being out of office.

Alternative forms

• wildernesse (obsolete)

Derived terms

Translations

References

Further reading

• wilderness on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

English

Etymology

From Middle English fredom, freedom, from Old English fr?od?m (“freedom, state of free-will, charter, emancipation, deliverance”), from Proto-West Germanic *frijad?m (“freedom”). Equivalent to free +? -dom. Cognate with North Frisian fridoem (“freedom”), Dutch vrijdom (“freedom”), Low German fr?dom (“freedom”), Middle High German vr?tuom (“freedom”), Norwegian fridom (“freedom”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: fr?'d?m, IPA^(key): /?f?i?d?m/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?f?id?m/
• Hyphenation: free?dom

Noun

freedom (countable and uncountable, plural freedoms)

1. (uncountable) The state of being free, of not being imprisoned or enslaved.

2. (countable) The lack of a specific constraint, or of constraints in general; a state of being free, unconstrained.

3. Frankness; openness; unreservedness.
   • 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, Letter 50:

     I doubt not, that you will take amiss my freedom; but as you have deserved it from me, I shall be less and less concerned on that score, as I see you are more and more intent to show your wit at the expense of justice and compassion.

4. Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum.

Usage notes

• Freedom from can be followed by various nouns, typically, fear, want, hunger, pain, hatred, disease, stress, depression, debt, poverty, necessity, violence, war, advertising, addiction, etc.

Synonyms

• liberty
• license
• exemption

Antonyms

• slavery
• imprisonment
• bondage
• constraint
• unfreedom

Derived terms

Translations

References

• freedom at OneLook Dictionary Search
• freedom in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• freedom in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• fordeem