different between wilderness vs civilzation
wilderness
English
Etymology
From Middle English wildernes, wildernesse (“uninhabited, uncultivated, or wild territory; desolate land; desert; (figuratively) depopulated or devastated place; state of devastation or ruin; human experience and life”) [and other forms], and then either:
- from Middle English wilderne (“deserted or uninhabited place, wilderness; land not yet settled”) [and other forms] (from Old English wildde?ren (“savage, wild”); see below) + -nes, -nesse (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting qualities or states); or
- from Old English *wild?ornes, *wildd?ornes, probably from wildd?or (“wild animal”) [and other forms] or more likely from wildde?ren (“savage, wild”) (from wildd?or + -en (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘consisting of; material made of’)) + -nes (suffix forming abstract nouns denoting qualities or states).
Wildd?or is derived from wilde (“savage, wild”) (ultimately either from Proto-Indo-European *wel-, *welw- (“hair, wool; ear of corn, grass; forest”), or *g??el- (“wild”)) + d?or (“beast, wild animal”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *d?wes- (“to breathe; breath; soul, spirit; creature”)).
The English word is cognate with Danish vildnis (“wilderness”), German Wildernis, Wildnis (“wilderness”), Middle Dutch wildernisse (“wilderness”) (modern Dutch wildernis (“wilderness”)), Middle Low German wildernisse (“wilderness”) (German Low German Wildernis (“wilderness”)), Saterland Frisian Wüüldernis (“wilderness”), West Frisian wyldernis (“wilderness”).
Sense 3.3 (“situation of disfavour or lack of recognition”) is a reference to Numbers 14:32–33 in the Bible (King James Version; spelling modernized): “But as for you, your carcasses, they shall fall in this wilderness. And your children shall wander in the wilderness forty years, and bear your whoredoms, until your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness.”
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?w?ld?n?s/, /-n?s/
- (General American) IPA(key): /?w?ld?n?s/
- Hyphenation: wild?er?ness
Noun
wilderness (countable and uncountable, plural wildernesses)
- (uncountable) Uncultivated and unsettled land in its natural state inhabited by wild animals and with vegetation growing wild; (countable) a tract of such land; a waste or wild.
- Synonyms: (chiefly Australia) bushland, wasteness, (both obsolete) wastness, wildland, wilds
- (by extension)
- (countable) A place other than land (for example, the air or sea) that is uncared for, and therefore devoted to disorder or wildness.
- (countable, horticulture) An ornamental part of a garden or park cultivated with trees and often a maze to evoke a natural wilderness.
- (uncountable, obsolete) Unrefinedness; wildness.
- (countable) A place other than land (for example, the air or sea) that is uncared for, and therefore devoted to disorder or wildness.
- (countable, figuratively)
- Chiefly followed by of: a bewildering flock or throng; a large, often jumbled, collection of things.
- A place or situation that is bewildering and in which one may get lost.
- Often preceded by in the: a situation of disfavour or lack of recognition; (specifically, politics) of a politician, political party, etc.: a situation of being out of office.
- Chiefly followed by of: a bewildering flock or throng; a large, often jumbled, collection of things.
Alternative forms
- wildernesse (obsolete)
Derived terms
Translations
References
Further reading
- wilderness on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
wilderness From the web:
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- what wilderness did the israelites wander in
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- what wilderness do
civilzation
civilzation From the web:
- what civilization
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- what civilization was located in the andes mountains
- what civilization did cuneiform originate from
- what civilization are we
- what civilization was known as a warrior society
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