different between warden vs seneschal

English

Etymology

From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, Old Northern French wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wart?n (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?w??d?n/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?w??d?n/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d?n

Noun

warden (plural wardens)

1. (archaic or literary) A guard or watchman.
   • 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, 4th American edition, Philadelphia: Thomas Desilver, 1823, Volume 2, Chapter 4,^[1]

     He called to the wardens on the outside battlements. [The original (UK) editions read warders rather than wardens.]

2. A chief administrative officer of a prison.
   • 1934, Nathanael West, A Cool Million, Chapter 7,^[2]

     The warden of the state prison, Ezekiel Purdy, was a kind man if stern. He invariably made all newcomers a little speech of welcome […]

3. An official charged with supervisory duties or with the enforcement of specific laws or regulations; such as a game warden or air-raid warden
4. A governing official in various institutions

   the warden of a college

5. A variety of pear.
   • c. 1608, Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, Cupid’s Revenge, Act II, Scene 1,^[3]

     Faith I would have had him rosted like a warden in a brown Paper, and no more talk on’t:

   • c. 1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter’s Tale, Act IV, Scene 3,^[4]

     I must have saffron to colour the warden pies;

   • 1625, Francis Bacon, “Of Gardens” in Essays, London: Hanna Barret, p. 269,^[5]

     In September, come Grapes; Apples; Poppies of all colours; Peaches; Melo-Cotones; Nectarines; Cornelians; Wardens; Quinces.

   • 1903, E. Bartrum, The Book of Pears and Plums, London: John Lane, p. 30,^[6]

     Wardens, a name given to pears which never melt, are long keeping, and used for cooking only. The name comes from the Cistercian Abbey of Warden in Beds. Parkinson’s Warden is now Black Worcester. There are Spanish, White and Red Wardens.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

warden (third-person singular simple present wardens, present participle wardening, simple past and past participle wardened)

1. To carry out the duties of a warden.

See also

• Warden on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Warden in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• Andrew, Darwen, Wander, drawne, wander, warned

English

Alternative forms

• seneskal (dated or rare)

Etymology

From Middle English seneschal (recorded in English since 1393), from Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz, from Proto-Germanic *siniz (“senior”) + *skalkaz (“servant”); latter term as in marshal. As an officer of the French crown, via French sénéchal.

Pronunciation

• enPR: s?n??-sh?l IPA^(key): /?s?n???l/
• Hyphenation: sen?e?schal

Noun

seneschal (plural seneschals)

1. A steward, particularly (historical) one in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate.
   • 1884, Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , Chapter 35

     […] so the very keenest seneskal can't see no sign […]

2. (historical) An officer of the crown in late medieval and early modern France who served as a kind of governor and chief justice of the royal court in Normandy and Languedoc.

Synonyms

• (steward): See steward

Derived terms

• (office; term): seneschalship
• (office; term; purview): seneschalty

Translations

See also

• (equivalent medieval office in northern France): bailiff

Dutch

Noun

seneschal m (plural seneschallen or seneschals)

1. Archaic form of seneschalk.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• seneschall, senyschall, senescal, senescall, synechall, syneschall, seneshal
• (Late ME) senesciall, senceall, sencial, senciall

Etymology

From Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?n?st?al/, /?s?ni?al/, /?s?nit?al/, /?s?niskal/

Noun

seneschal (plural seneschals)

1. A steward in charge of a nobleman's estate.
2. A viceroy; one governing in place of a ruler.

Descendants

• English: seneschal
• Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)

References

• “seneshal, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old French

Alternative forms

• seneschall

Noun

seneschal m (oblique plural seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative singular seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative plural seneschal)

1. seneschal
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     "Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.
     Seneschaus, savez vos an rien?

     Yes, I remember it well.

     Senschal, do you know anything about it?

Descendants

• Middle French: seneschal, senechal
  • French: sénéchal
• ? Middle Armenian: ???????? (seneskal), ???????? (sen?skal), ???????? (senes?al), ??????? (sini?al), ??????? (sin?gal)
• ? Middle Dutch: seneschal, seneschael
  • Dutch: seneschalk, seneschaal, seneschael, seneschalck
• ? Middle English: seneschal, senescall, seneschall
  • English: seneschal
  • Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)
• ? Middle High German: seneschalc, sëneschalt, seneschlant, scheneschlant (also possibly from Middle Latin)
  • German: Seneschall