different between medieval vs seneschal

English

Alternative forms

• (dated) mediaeval
• (archaic) mediæval

Etymology

From French médiéval (“medieval”), from Latin medium (“middle”) + aevum (“age”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?m?d.i.?i?.v?l/, /?mi?.di.?i?.v?l/, /m?d.?i?.v?l/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /m?d.?i.v?l/, /?m?di.?i.v?l/

Adjective

medieval (comparative more medieval, superlative most medieval)

1. Of or relating to the Middle Ages, the period from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
2. Having characteristics associated with the Middle Ages in popular, modern cultural perception:
   1. Archaic.
   2. Brutal.

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

medieval (plural medievals)

1. Someone living in the Middle Ages.
2. A medieval example (of something aforementioned or understood from context).

Translations

Aragonese

Adjective

medieval

1. medieval

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /m?.di.??val/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /m?.di.??bal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /me.di.e?val/
• Rhymes: -al

Adjective

medieval (masculine and feminine plural medievals)

1. medieval

Derived terms

• grec medieval

Galician

Adjective

medieval m or f (plural medievais)

1. medieval

Portuguese

Adjective

medieval m or f (plural medievais, comparable)

1. medieval

Romanian

Etymology

From French médiéval

Adjective

medieval m or n (feminine singular medieval?, masculine plural medievali, feminine and neuter plural medievale)

1. medieval

Declension

Spanish

Alternative forms

• medioeval

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /medje?bal/, [me.ð?je???al]

Adjective

medieval (plural medievales)

1. medieval

Further reading

• “medieval” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Alternative forms

• seneskal (dated or rare)

Etymology

From Middle English seneschal (recorded in English since 1393), from Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz, from Proto-Germanic *siniz (“senior”) + *skalkaz (“servant”); latter term as in marshal. As an officer of the French crown, via French sénéchal.

Pronunciation

• enPR: s?n??-sh?l IPA^(key): /?s?n???l/
• Hyphenation: sen?e?schal

Noun

seneschal (plural seneschals)

1. A steward, particularly (historical) one in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate.
   • 1884, Mark Twain, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , Chapter 35

     […] so the very keenest seneskal can't see no sign […]

2. (historical) An officer of the crown in late medieval and early modern France who served as a kind of governor and chief justice of the royal court in Normandy and Languedoc.

Synonyms

• (steward): See steward

Derived terms

• (office; term): seneschalship
• (office; term; purview): seneschalty

Translations

See also

• (equivalent medieval office in northern France): bailiff

Dutch

Noun

seneschal m (plural seneschallen or seneschals)

1. Archaic form of seneschalk.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• seneschall, senyschall, senescal, senescall, synechall, syneschall, seneshal
• (Late ME) senesciall, senceall, sencial, senciall

Etymology

From Old French seneschal, from Medieval Latin siniscalcus, from Frankish *siniskalk, from Proto-Germanic *siniskalkaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?n?st?al/, /?s?ni?al/, /?s?nit?al/, /?s?niskal/

Noun

seneschal (plural seneschals)

1. A steward in charge of a nobleman's estate.
2. A viceroy; one governing in place of a ruler.

Descendants

• English: seneschal
• Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)

References

• “seneshal, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old French

Alternative forms

• seneschall

Noun

seneschal m (oblique plural seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative singular seneschaus or seneschax or seneschals, nominative plural seneschal)

1. seneschal
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:

     "Oïl, mout m'an sovient il bien.
     Seneschaus, savez vos an rien?

     Yes, I remember it well.

     Senschal, do you know anything about it?

Descendants

• Middle French: seneschal, senechal
  • French: sénéchal
• ? Middle Armenian: ???????? (seneskal), ???????? (sen?skal), ???????? (senes?al), ??????? (sini?al), ??????? (sin?gal)
• ? Middle Dutch: seneschal, seneschael
  • Dutch: seneschalk, seneschaal, seneschael, seneschalck
• ? Middle English: seneschal, senescall, seneschall
  • English: seneschal
  • Scots: senescall, seneschall (obsolete)
• ? Middle High German: seneschalc, sëneschalt, seneschlant, scheneschlant (also possibly from Middle Latin)
  • German: Seneschall