different between virus vs bane

English

Wikispecies

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin v?rus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

Pronunciation

• enPR: v??r?s, IPA^(key): /?va???s/
• Rhymes: -a???s

Noun

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)

1. A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
   • 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 64)

     Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.
2. (informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.

3. (archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
4. (computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.
5. (computing, proscribed) Any type of malware.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:virus

Hypernyms

• (computing): malware

Hyponyms

• DNA virus
• RNA virus

Derived terms

Descendants

• Japanese: ???? (bairasu)
• Korean: ???? (baireoseu)

Translations

See also

• prion

Further reading

• Plural of virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Computer virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Virus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin virus.

Noun

virus (definite accusative virusu, plural viruslar)

1. (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
2. (computing) computer virus

Declension

Further reading

• “virus” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?vi.?us/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?bi.?us/

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus

Related terms

• viral
• víric

Cornish

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [?vi?r?s]
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [?vi?r?z]

Noun

virus m (plural virusys)

1. virus

References

• Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
• 2018, Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (2018 edition, p.190)

Czech

Alternative forms

• vir

Etymology

From Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?v?rus]

Noun

virus m inan

1. virus (submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)
2. virus (type of computer malware)

Declension

Related terms

• virolog
• virologický
• virologie
• virový
• virální
• antivirový
• zavirovat
• odvirovat

Further reading

• virus in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• virus in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
• virus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus c or n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)

1. virus

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin v?rus. Coined in the virological sense by Martinus Beijerinck; the word had been previously used for pathogens, although not for viruses in the modern sense. The computing sense derives from English virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi?.r?s/
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)

1. (microbiology) virus, microscopic germ type
2. (computer science) virus, infectious software

Usage notes

Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few Dutch words ending in -us which is not masculine; cf. also corpus and opus. Marginally, use as a masculine noun is sometimes erroneously encountered, indeed based on the ending.

Derived terms

- virus organisms

Related terms

• viroloog

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??irus/, [??irus?]
• IPA^(key): /??i?rus/, [??i?rus?] (proscribed)
• Rhymes: -irus
• Syllabification: vi?rus

Noun

virus

1. virus
2. (computer security) virus

Declension

Anagrams

• virsu

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.?ys/

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus

Derived terms

Further reading

• “virus” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus (“poison, slime, venom”).

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus (pathogen)
2. computer virus

Indonesian

Etymology

• From Dutch virus, from Latin v?rus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.
• The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?vir?s]
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus (plural virus-virus, first-person possessive virusku, second-person possessive virusmu, third-person possessive virusnya)

1. virus,
   1. (biology) a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism.
   2. (computing) a type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.

Further reading

• “virus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Noun

virus (plural viruses)

1. virus

Related terms

• virusal

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi.rus/

Noun

virus m (invariable)

1. (virology) virus

Further reading

• virus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Ladino

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?virus/

Noun

virus m (Latin spelling)

1. virus

Latin

Etymology

Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit ??? (vi?á), Ancient Greek ??? (iós), from an older form ????? : wisós; Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí. The neuter gender of this term despite its nominative singular ending in the masculine second-declension -us is a relic of this term's inheritance from a neuter s-stem.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?i?.rus/, [?u?i???s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?vi.rus/, [?vi??us]

Noun

v?rus n sg (genitive v?r?); second declension

1. A stinking, or rammish smell.
2. The seed or nature in animals.
3. A nasty taste.
4. Poison, venom.
5. Bitterness, sharpness.
6. The juice of the purple-fish.
7. A strong smell of spices or perfumes.
8. slimy liquid, slime
9. (New Latin) virus (infectious organism)

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us), singular only.

• There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular v?r?s.
• When used in modern biology with the same meaning of English virus, a plural can be formed using the same suffixes of regular neuters of the 2nd. declension (i.e., v?ra, v?r?rum, v?r?s, v?ra, v?r?s, v?ra):

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -a).

Synonyms

• (poison): ven?num

Derived terms

• v?r?sus
• v?rulentus
• v?rus cor?n?rium

Descendants

References

• virus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• virus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• virus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
• virus in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Anagrams

• rivus

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

virus

1. virus

Inflection

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)

1. a virus
2. a computer virus (see datavirus)

References

• “virus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)

1. a virus
2. a computer virus (see datavirus)

References

• “virus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French virus, Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?virus/
• Rhymes: -irus
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus n (plural virusuri)

1. virus

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ??????)

1. (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
2. (computing) computer virus

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?bi?us/, [?bi.?us]
• Rhymes: -i?us
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus
2. computer virus

Derived terms

• antivirus
• viral
• vírico
• virulento

Further reading

• “virus” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n

1. virus

Declension

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /be?n/
• Hyphenation: bane
• Rhymes: -e?n

Etymology 1

From Middle English bane, from Old English bana, from Proto-Germanic *banô (compare Old High German bano (“death”), Icelandic bani (“bane, death”)), from Proto-Indo-European *g??on-on-, from the o-grade of *g??en- (“to strike, to kill”).

Noun

bane (countable and uncountable, plural banes)

1. A cause of misery or death.

   Synonyms: affliction, curse

   Antonym: boon

   • Money, thou bane of bliss, and source of woe.
2. (dated) Poison, especially any of several poisonous plants.
3. (obsolete) A killer, murderer, slayer.
4. (obsolete) Destruction; death.
5. A disease of sheep.

   Synonym: rot

Derived terms

• Austrian leopard's bane (Doronicum austriacum)
• common dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium)
• dog bane (Plectranthus ornatus)
• leopard's bane (Doronicum spp. et al.)
• baneberry (Actaea spp.)
• baneful
• boon and bane
• boon or bane
• wolfsbane (Aconitum spp.)

Translations

Verb

bane (third-person singular simple present banes, present participle baning, simple past and past participle baned)

1. (transitive) To kill, especially by poison; to be the poison of.
2. (transitive) To be the bane of.

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English ban (northern dialect), from Old English b?n.

Noun

bane (plural banes)

1. (chiefly Scotland) bone
   • 1686, "Lyke-Wake Dirge" as printed in The Oxford Book of English Verse (1900) p. 361:

     The fire will burn thee to the bare bane.

References

• Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967

Anagrams

• Bean, Bena, bean, nabe

Danish

Etymology 1

Old Norse bani

Noun

bane

1. bane, person/thing/event that kills someone or something

Etymology 2

Noun

bane

1. track
2. trajectory

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

bane

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of banen

Japanese

Romanization

bane

1. R?maji transcription of ??

Latin

Noun

bane

1. vocative singular of banus

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish bán, from Proto-Celtic *b?nos (“white”).

Adjective

bane (plural baney, comparative baney)

1. white, blank, pallid

2. fair, blonde

3. fallow

Derived terms

Mutation

References

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “bane”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

See also

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *ban?.

Noun

b?ne f

1. open field, battlefield
2. lane, track (for playing balls)
3. road, way, path

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: baan
  • Afrikaans: baan
  • ? Indonesian: ban
• Limburgish: baan

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *bano, from Proto-Germanic *banô.

Noun

b?ne f or m

1. harm, pain

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “bane (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “bane (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page II

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English bana, in turn from Proto-Germanic *banô.

Alternative forms

• ban, bayn, bone, beone

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?n(?)/

Noun

bane (plural banes)

1. murderer, slayer
2. bane, destroyer

Descendants

• English: bane
• Scots: bane, baine, bain, bayn, bone

References

• “b?ne, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Etymology 2

Noun

bane (plural banes)

1. Alternative form of bon

Descendants

• Scots: bane, bean, bain
• Yola: bane

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German bane, compare with German Bahn

Noun

bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural baner, definite plural banene)

1. a trajectory
2. a railway line
3. a sports field
4. a racing track
5. orbit (of a satellite, including the moon)

Synonyms

• (orbit): omløpsbane

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bani

Noun

bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural baner, definite plural banene)

1. death (by murder)

Etymology 3

From Middle Low German bane, compare with German bahnen.

Verb

bane (imperative ban, present tense baner, passive banes, simple past bana or banet or bante, past participle bana or banet or bant, present participle banende)

1. to pave, as in

   bane vei for - pave the way for

References

• “bane” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German bane, compare with German Bahn

Noun

bane m or f (definite singular banen or bana, indefinite plural banar or baner, definite plural banane or banene)

1. a trajectory
2. a railway line
3. a sports field
4. a racing track
5. orbit (of a satellite, including the moon)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse bani

Noun

bane m (definite singular banen, indefinite plural banar, definite plural banane)

1. death (by murder)

Etymology 3

From Middle Low German bane

Alternative forms

• bana

Verb

bane (present tense banar, past tense bana, past participle bana, passive infinitive banast, present participle banande, imperative ban)

1. to pave, as in

   bane veg for - pave the way for

References

• “bane” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baun?. Cognates include Old English b?an, Old Saxon b?na and Old Dutch *b?na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?ne/

Noun

b?ne f

1. bean

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr-Amrum: buan

• Saterland Frisian: Boone
• West Frisian: bean, beane, beanne

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, ?ISBN

Portuguese

Verb

bane

1. third-person singular present indicative of banir
2. second-person singular imperative of banir

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English bane, from Old English b?n, from Proto-Germanic *bain?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ben]
• (Mid Northern Scots) IPA^(key): [bin], [bein]

Noun

bane (plural banes)

1. (anatomy) bone, limb

Derived terms

Swedish

Etymology

As a simplex noun a borrowing from Old Swedish bani, from Old Norse bani, from Proto-Germanic *banô, from Proto-Indo-European *g??on-on-, from the o-grade of *g??en- (“to strike, to kill”). Cognate to English bane, Icelandic bani.

The word can be regarded as a reborrowing from Old Swedish mediaeval literature. It is not attested in writing in the 16th and 17th centuries, but was reinforced due to its usage in the mediaeval Swedish country laws, which were in use until the 18th century. During the 17th century its usage is usually accompanied by a definition explaining the meaning. It was revived in the late 17th century due to the resurging interest in the middle ages and the Icelandic sagas, cf. other Icelandic loans from the same era, e.g. idrott, skald, dyrd. Already in SAOB (1899) it is regarded as archaic or literary and mostly used in a few set phrases.

The word survived in the compound baneman (“slayer, murderer”), which is attested from the 16th and 17th centuries, and dialectally in the southern Swedish word hönsbane (“henbane, Hyoscyamus niger”), in standard Swedish bolmört.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²b??n?/

Noun

bane c (indeclinable)

1. (archaic) cause of someone’s (violent) death; bane

Derived terms

References

• bane in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• bane in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• bena

Yola

Etymology

From Middle English bane, from Old English b?n, from Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bain?.

Noun

bane

1. bone

References

• Jacob Poole (1867) , William Barnes, editor, A glossary, with some pieces of verse, of the old dialect of the English colony in the baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, J. Russell Smith, ?ISBN