different between vice vs substitute

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /va?s/
• Rhymes: -a?s
• Homophone: vise

Etymology 1

From Middle English vice, from Old French vice, from Latin vitium (“fault or blemish”). Displaced native Old English unþ?aw.

Noun

vice (plural vices)

1. A bad habit.

2. (law) Any of various crimes related (depending on jurisdiction) to weapons, prostitution, pornography, gambling, alcohol, tobacco, or drugs.
3. A defect in the temper or behaviour of a horse, such as to make the animal dangerous, to injure its health, or to diminish its usefulness.
   • 1839, From the case of Scholefield v. Robb Gilligan, Brenda (2002) Practical Horse Law?^[1], ?ISBN: “So a horse with say, navicular disease, making him suitable only for light hacking, would probably be unsound, whereas rearing would be a vice, being a "defect in the temper... making it dangerous". A vice can however render a horse unsound - possibly a crib biter will damage its wind.”

Antonyms

• (bad habit): virtue

Derived terms

• by vice of
• inherent vice
• vice squad

Related terms

Translations

See also

• habit

Etymology 2

See vise.

Noun

vice (plural vices)

1. Alternative spelling of vise (“mechanical screw apparatus used for clamping”)
2. A tool for drawing lead into cames, or flat grooved rods, for casements.
3. (architecture) A winding or spiral staircase.
4. (obsolete) A grip or grasp.

Translations

Verb

vice (third-person singular simple present vices, present participle vicing, simple past and past participle viced)

1. Alternative spelling of vise (“to hold or squeeze with a vice”)

Etymology 3

From Latin vice (“in place of”), ablative form of vicis. Compare French fois (“time”) and Spanish vez (“time, turn”).

Adjective

vice (not comparable)

1. in place of; subordinate to; designating a person below another in rank

Derived terms

Preposition

vice

1. (dated) instead of, in place of, versus (sense 2)

Usage notes

• While rare in modern standard English, this usage still appears among members of the United States military.
• Statements such as "vice Jones, who had resigned" may be abbreviated "vice Jones, resigned"

Noun

vice (plural vices)

1. One who acts in place of a superior.
   • c. 1850s-1870s, Edward Minister and Son, The Gazette of Fashion and Cutting-Room Companion

     The health of the Vice was proposed in appropriate language; in replying, Mr. Marriott thanked the company […]

Further reading

• vice on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• ICEV, cive

Esperanto

Adverb

vice

1. in rows

Related terms

• vico

French

Etymology

From Middle French vice, from Old French vice, borrowed from Latin vitium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vis/
• Homophones: vis, visse, vissent, visses
• Rhymes: -is

Noun

vice m (plural vices)

1. vice (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

See also

• défaut
• péché

Further reading

• “vice” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from English vice-, French vice-, German vize-, Italian vice-, Russian ?????- (více-), Spanish vice-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi.t?se/

Preposition

vice

1. instead, instead of

Derived terms

References

• Progreso III (in Ido), 1910–1911, page 102
• Progreso IV (in Ido), 1911–1912, pages 211, 408, 409
• Progreso V (in Ido), 1912–1913, page 723
• Progreso VII (in Ido), 1914, page 130

Italian

Etymology

From Latin vicem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi.t??e/
• Rhymes: -it?e

Noun

vice m or f (invariable)

1. deputy, substitute, vice

Related terms

• vicepresidente
• vice-

Anagrams

• veci

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?i.ke/, [?u??k?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?vi.t??e/, [?vi?t???]

Noun

vice

1. ablative singular of vicis

Preposition

vice

1. in place of, subordinate to

Derived terms

• vice vers?

Descendants

• English: vice-
• French: vice
• Ido: vice
• Italian: vice
• Piedmontese: vice
• Swedish: vice

Etymology 2

Noun

v?ce

1. vocative singular of v?cus

References

• vice in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vice in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vice in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

Middle English

Alternative forms

• vyce, vyse, vijs, wise, vise, wyce, vyhs

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French vice, visse, from Latin vitium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi?s(?)/

Noun

vice (plural vices)

1. A fault or imperfection; a negative quality or attribute of something:
   1. A bad habit or tendency that one has; a negative human behaviour.
   2. A mistake; a fault due to deficience in knowledge or reasoning.
   3. (rare) An imperfection or blemish in one's visage or look.
2. Vice, iniquity, sinful behaviour; absence of virtue or morality:
   1. A vice; a general tendency or action that is morally bad.
   2. A specific example of immoral or sinful behaviour.
3. A sickness, disease or malady; a deleterious process effecting something.

Related terms

• viciate
• vicious
• viciously
• viciousnesse

Descendants

• English: vice
• Scots: vice

References

• “v?ce, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-01.

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French vice, borrowed from Latin vitium.

Noun

vice m (plural vices)

1. vice (bad habit)

Descendants

• French: vice

Portuguese

Noun

vice m, f (plural vices)

1. used as an abbreviation of any word containing the prefix vice-

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ì?t?s?/, /?í?t?s?/

Noun

v?ce f pl

1. purgatory

Inflection

Spanish

Noun

vice m or f (plural vice)

1. vice (second in command)

Swedish

Pronunciation

Adjective

vice (not comparable)

1. vice, second in rank, deputy, stand-in, acting

Related terms

• vicedirektör
• vicekonung
• vicepresident
• vicevärd
• vice versa

English

Etymology

From Middle English substituten, from Latin substitutus, past participle of substitu?.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s?bst?t?u?t/, /?s?bst?tju?t/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?s?bst?tut/, /?s?bst?tjut/
• Hyphenation: sub?sti?tute
• Rhymes: -u?t

Verb

substitute (third-person singular simple present substitutes, present participle substituting, simple past and past participle substituted)

1. (transitive) To use in place of something else, with the same function.

   I had no shallots so I substituted onion.

2. (transitive, in the phrase "substitute X for Y") To use X in place of Y.

   I had to substitute new parts for the old ones.

3. (transitive, formerly proscribed, in the phrase "substitute X with/by Y") To use Y in place of X; to replace X with Y.

   I had to substitute old parts with the new ones.

4. (transitive, sports) To remove (a player) from the field of play and bring on another in his place.

   He was playing poorly and was substituted after twenty minutes
5. (intransitive) To serve as a replacement (for someone or something).
   • 1987, James Tobin, Essays in Economics, Vol. 2, p. 75

     Accumulation of wealth by this route may substitute for personal saving.

Usage notes

The verb "to substitute" can be used transitively in two opposite ways. "To substitute X" may mean either "use X in place of something else" (as in definitions 1 and 2), or "use something else in place of X" (as in definitions 3 and 4). The latter use is more recent, but it is widespread and now generally accepted (see the COED's note on the matter). However, if the indirect object (the "something else") is omitted, the preposition is also omitted, and the reader or hearer cannot tell which sense is meant:

• "Substitute butter for olive oil" = Use butter instead of olive oil
• "Substitute butter with olive oil" = Use olive oil instead of butter
• "Substitute butter" = ???

Synonyms

• (to replace X with Y): exchange, swap; See also Thesaurus:switch

Translations

Noun

substitute (plural substitutes)

1. A replacement or stand-in for something that achieves a similar result or purpose.

   Synonyms: surrogate; see also Thesaurus:substitute

   • 1840, Thomas De Quincey, Theory of Greek Tragedy (published in Blackwood's Magazine)

     Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] […] wore masks as the sole substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol.
2. (sports) A player who is available to replace another if the need arises, and who may or may not actually do so.
3. (historical) One who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript.
4. (economics) Abbreviation of substitute good.

Translations

Latin

Participle

substit?te

1. vocative masculine singular of substit?tus