different between underlie vs underlive

English

Etymology

From Middle English underlien, underliggen, from Old English underli??an (“to underlie, to be subject to, give way to”), equivalent to under- +? lie. Cognate with Dutch onderliggen (“to lie below, lie on the bottom of”), German unterliegen (“to lie under, be subject to, succumb”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??n.d?(?)?la?/
• Rhymes: -a?

Verb

underlie (third-person singular simple present underlies, present participle underlying, simple past underlay, past participle underlain)

1. (intransitive) To lie in a position directly beneath.
2. (transitive) To lie under or beneath.

   A stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel.

3. (transitive) To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of.

   a doctrine underlying a theory

   • 1941, Emily Carr, Klee Wyck, Chapter 6,^[1]

     […] she was carved into the bole of a red cedar tree. Sun and storm had bleached the wood, moss here and there softened the crudeness of the modelling; sincerity underlay every stroke.
4. (transitive) To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge.
5. (mining) To underlay.

Translations

English

Etymology

From under- +? live.

Verb

underlive (third-person singular simple present underlives, present participle underliving, simple past and past participle underlived)

1. (transitive) To live under; live beneath (something); to fail to live up to (something).
   • 1684, Thomas Blomer (translator), “Coriolanus” in John Dryden (editor), Plutarch’s Lives, London: J. & R. Tonson and S. Draper, 1749, Volume 2, p. 244,^[1]

     Such a Man looks upon Fame, not as a Reward of his present Virtue, but as an Earnest he has given of his future Performances; and is ashamed to underlive the Credit he has won, and not outshine his past illustrious Actions.

   • 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition edited by Samuel Johnson, London: J. Payne, 1756, Part I, p. 36,^[2]

     They who are merely carried on by the wheel of such inclinations, without the hand and guidance of sovereign reason, are but the automatous part of mankind, rather lived than living, or at least underliving themselves.

   • 1786, “A Set of Resolutions for Old Age” in Andrew Kippis (ed.), The New Annual Register, London: G.G.J. & J. Robinson, Volume 6, p. 233,^[3]

     Not to indulge too much in the luxury of the table, nor yet to underlive the constitution.

   • 1912, William R. Scott, The Americans in Panama, New York: Statler, Chapter 22, p. 256,^[4]

     We cannot afford to embark on a policy of paternalism in Latin America because of the damage it would do to us through underliving our basic ideals.

2. (transitive) To fail to reach (a certain age).
   • 1901, Abstract of “The Duration of Life” by R. C. Brankston, The Charlotte Medical Journal, Volume 18, No. 5, May 1901, p. 425,^[5]

     In the course of a few generations we shall have cultivated a vitality which would give us invariably at birth, an expectancy of 130 years, which age would be usual and except for unavoidable accident would never be underlived, but generally exceeded.

   • 1996, Charles M. Washington and Dennis Leaver, Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, 4th edition, St. Louis, MO: Elsevier, 2016, Chapter 1, p. 14,^[6]

     The duration of a person’s life is a mystery, and thousands of cancer patients have outlived or underlived their estimated life expectancy.

3. (transitive) To live on fewer resources than (someone).
   • 1839, William Hill, A History of the Rise, Progress, Genius, and Character of American Presbyterianism, Washington City: J. Gideon Jr., Chapter 2, p. 106,^[7]

     Many of that class who live in the country, and have farms, by their industry and frugal way of living, grow rich, for they can underlive the Britons, &c.

   • 1882, “The Chinese Craze,” Scientific American, Volume 46, Number 12, 25 March 1882, p. 177,^[8]

     The Chinese go to stay. A few rebuffs do not dishearten them. Knowing their capacity to underlive and undersell their competitors, they are tenacious in the extreme.

   • 1939, Frank Darvall, The American Political Scene, London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, Chapter 1, p. 26,^[9]

     Fear of Japan, resulting from the contrast between the sparsely settled American and the thickly settled Asiatic shores of the Pacific Ocean and from the knowledge that the Asiatic exclusion policy has aroused great Japanese ill-feeling, and jealousy of Chinese and Japanese inhabitants of the U.S.A., resulting from their hard work, thrift, and skill, which enable them to underlive Americans of European origin, are political factors of importance in the Pacific region.

   • 1950, Baker Brownell, The Human Community, New York: Harper, Part III, Section 4, p. 64,^[10]

     The family farmer, if he is not too deeply in debt, underlives the corporation farmer and survives.

4. (intransitive) To live on insufficient resources.
   • 1915, Edward Alsworth Ross, “Statement” in State of New York, Fourth Report of the Factory Investigating Commission, Volume I, Appendix III, p. 634,^[11]

     Whole groups of underpaid workers may in consequence of underliving sink into such a condition of inefficiency and hopelessness that they are altogether powerless to extricate themselves from it by their own efforts.

   • 1922, Albert Clay Zumrunnen, The Community Church, University of Chicago Press, Chapter 1, p. 18,^[12]

     It is stated that twenty-five full-time ministers received an average salary of $665.00, clearly an underliving wage.

5. (intransitive) To live in an overcautious or unfulfilling manner.
   • 2016, “59% of retirees worry about making retirement savings last: survey,” Benefits Canada, 26 April, 2016,^[13]

     “Making plans based on professional advice can help you avoid overspending or underliving,” said Cottee. “An advisor will support you in making decisions based on fact, not fear, and ensure you have access to all the strategies you need to live an enjoyable and rewarding life in retirement.”

Anagrams

• unreviled