different between true vs grave

English

Alternative forms

• trew, trewe (obsolete)
• troo (nonstandard)
• tr00 (leet)

Etymology

From Middle English trewe, from Old English tr?ewe, (Mercian) tr?owe (“trusty, faithful”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (compare Saterland Frisian trjou (“honest”), Dutch getrouw and trouw, German treu, Norwegian and Swedish trygg (“safe, secure’”), from pre-Germanic *drewh?yos, from Proto-Indo-European *drewh?- (“steady, firm”) (compare Irish dearbh (“sure”), Old Prussian druwis (“faith”), Ancient Greek ????? (droón, “firm”)), extension of *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

For the semantic development, compare Latin robustus (“tough”) from robur (“red oak”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /t?u?/
• (US) enPR: tr?? IPA^(key): /t?u/, [t???ü]
• (archaic) IPA^(key): /t?ju?/
• (now dialectal) IPA^(key): /t????/
• Rhymes: -u?

Adjective

true (comparative truer or more true, superlative truest or most true)

1. (of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
2. Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate.
3. (logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.

4. Loyal, faithful.

5. Genuine; legitimate.
6. Used in the designation of group of species, or sometimes a single species, to indicate that it belongs to the clade its common name (which may be more broadly scoped in common speech) is restricted to in technical speech, or to distinguish it from a similar species, the latter of which may be called false.

7. (of an aim or missile in archery, shooting, golf, etc.) Accurate; following a path toward the target.
8. (chiefly probability) Fair, unbiased, not loaded.
   • 1990, William W. S. Wei, Time Series Analysis, ?ISBN, page 8:

     Let ${\displaystyle Z_{t}}$ be twice the value of a true die shown on the ${\displaystyle t}$-th toss.

   • 2006, Judith A. Baer, Leslie Friedman Goldstein, The Constitutional and Legal Rights of Women: Cases in Law and Social Change ?ISBN

     In fact, few profit margins can be predicted with such reliability as those provided by a true roulette wheel or other game of chance.

   • 2012, Peter Sprent, Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Springer Science & Business Media ?ISBN, page 5

     We do not reject, because 9 heads and 3 tails is in a set of reasonably likely results when we toss a true coin.

9. (Of a literary genre) based on actual historical events.

Antonyms

• (of a statement, logic, loyal): false
• untrue

Derived terms

Related terms

• truth

Translations

Adverb

true (not comparable)

1. (of shooting, throwing etc) Accurately.

Translations

Noun

true (countable and uncountable, plural trues)

1. (uncountable) The state of being in alignment.
   • 1904, Lester Gray French, Machinery, Volume 10:

     Some toolmakers are very careless when drilling the first hole through work that is to be bored, claiming that if the drilled hole comes out of true somewhat it can be brought true with the boring tool.

   • 1922, F. Scott Fitzgerald, O Russet Witch! in Tales of the Jazz Age:

     She clapped her hands happily, and he thought how pretty she was really, that is, the upper part of her face—from the bridge of the nose down she was somewhat out of true.

   • 1988, Lois McMaster Bujold, Falling Free, Baen Publishing, ?ISBN, page 96:

     The crate shifted on its pallet, out of sync now. As the lift withdrew, the crate skidded with it, dragged by friction and gravity, skewing farther and farther from true.
2. (uncountable, obsolete) Truth.
3. (countable, obsolete) A pledge or truce.

Derived terms

• in true
• out of true

Translations

Verb

true (third-person singular simple present trues, present participle trueing or truing, simple past and past participle trued)

1. To straighten (of something that is supposed to be straight).

2. To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust.

Usage notes

• Often followed by up.

Derived terms

• true-up

Translations

Anagrams

• -uret, rute

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga, Proto-Germanic *þr?g?n?, cognate with Swedish truga. The verb is related to Danish trykke and German drücken (“to press”) (= *þrukkijan?), but apparently not to German drohen (“threaten”) (= *þraujan?) or English threaten (= *þraut?n?).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tru??/, [?t???u?u], [?t???o?o]

Verb

true (past tense truede, past participle truet)

1. to threaten

Inflection

Further reading

• “true” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “true” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Middle English

Adjective

true

1. Alternative form of trewe

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (imperative tru, present tense truer, passive trues, simple past and past participle trua or truet)

1. to threaten

Derived terms

• truende
• utrydningstruet

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• trua, truge

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (present tense truar, past tense trua, past participle trua, passive infinitive truast, present participle truande, imperative tru)

1. to threaten

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: gr?v, IPA^(key): /??e?v/
• Rhymes: -e?v

Etymology 1

From Middle English grave, grafe, from Old English græf, grafu (“cave, grave, trench”), from Proto-Germanic *grab?, *grab? (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?reb?- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

Cognate with West Frisian grêf (“grave”), Dutch graf (“grave”), Low German Graf (“a grave”), Graff, German Grab (“grave”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grav (“grave”), Icelandic gröf (“grave”). Related to groove.

Noun

grave (plural graves)

1. An excavation in the earth as a place of burial

   • He had lain in the grave four days.

   • 1856, Eleanor Marx-Aveling (translator), Gustave Flaubert (author), Madame Bovary, Part III, Chapter X:

     They reached the cemetery. The men went right down to a place in the grass where a grave was dug. They ranged themselves all round; and while the priest spoke, the red soil thrown up at the sides kept noiselessly slipping down at the corners.

2. Any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher.
3. (by extension) Death, destruction.
4. (by extension) Deceased people; the dead.

Derived terms

Related terms

• groove

Translations

See also

• grave (burial) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From Middle English graven, from Old English grafan (“to dig, dig up, grave, engrave, carve, chisel”), from Proto-Germanic *graban? (“to dig”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?reb?- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Dutch graven (“to dig”), German graben (“to dig”), Danish grave (“to dig”), Swedish gräva (“to dig”), Icelandic grafa (“to dig”).

Verb

grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past graved or grove, past participle graved or graven)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To dig.

   • He hath graven and digged up a pit.

2. (intransitive, obsolete) To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.

   • Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.

   • a. 1894, Robert Louis Stevenson, "Requiem"

     This be the verse you grave for me / "Here he lies where he longs to be"
3. (transitive, obsolete) To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.

   to grave an image

   • With gold, men may the herte grave.

4. (intransitive, obsolete) To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
   • 1718, Matthew Prior, Solomon on the Vanity of the World

     O! may they graven in thy heart remain.

5. (transitive, obsolete) To entomb; to bury.
   • c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act III, Scene ii^[5]:

     […] And lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.

6. (intransitive, obsolete) To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.

Related terms

• begrave
• engrave

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle French grave, a learned borrowing from Latin gravis (“heavy, important”). Compare Old French greve (“terrible, dreadful”). Doublet of grief.

Adjective

grave (comparative graver, superlative gravest)

1. Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness; not cheerful. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: sober, solemn, sombre, sedate, serious, staid

2. Low in pitch, tone etc. [from 17th c.]

   Antonym: acute

   • 1854, John Weeks Moore, Encyclopedia of Music:

     The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.

3. Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable. [from 19th c.]

   Synonyms: serious, momentous, important
4. (obsolete) Influential, important; authoritative. [16th-18th c.]

Synonyms

• weightsome, sweer

• (unsorted by sense): sage, demure, thoughtful, weighty

Translations

Noun

grave (plural graves)

1. A written accent used in French, Italian, and other languages. è is an e with a grave accent (`).

Translations

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Dutch graaf, German Graf”)

Noun

grave (plural graves)

1. (historical) A count, prefect, or person holding office.

Related terms

• burgrave
• landgrave
• margrave
• palsgrave
• waldgrave

Etymology 5

Verb

grave (third-person singular simple present graves, present participle graving, simple past and past participle graved)

1. (transitive, obsolete, nautical) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch — so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.

Related terms

• graving dock

Anagrams

• Gaver

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ra?v?/, [??????v?]

Etymology 1

From Italian grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave”).

Adverb

grave

1. (music) grave (low in pitch, tone etc.)
2. accent grave – accent grave, grave accent

Etymology 2

From Old Norse grafa (“to dig, bury”), from Proto-Germanic *graban?, from Proto-Indo-European *g?r?b?- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

Verb

grave (imperative grav, infinitive at grave, present tense graver, past tense gravede, perfect tense har gravet)

1. dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)

Derived terms

Etymology 3

See grav (“grave, tomb, pit”).

Noun

grave c

1. indefinite plural of grav

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

grave

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of graven

Anagrams

• verga, vrage

Esperanto

Adverb

grave

1. seriously, gravely

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??av/

Etymology 1

From Middle French grave, borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of grief.

Adjective

grave (plural graves)

1. serious
2. solemn
3. low-pitched

   Antonym: aigu

4. (phonetics) back
   • 1911 April, "Quelques mots sur la pronunciation des lettres Turques" in Dictionnaire turc-français[7]:

Derived terms

• accent grave
• gravement

Related terms

• gravissime
• gravitation
• gravité

Adverb

grave

1. (informal, slang) much; a lot

Etymology 2

Verb

grave

1. first-person singular present indicative of graver
2. third-person singular present indicative of graver
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of graver
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of graver
5. second-person singular imperative of graver

Further reading

• “grave” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• gaver

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gravis. Doublet of greve.

Adjective

grave (plural gravi)

1. grave, serious

2. heavy
3. solemn
4. (music) low-pitched, low-pitch

Synonyms

• importante
• pesante
• austero
• serio

Antonyms

• acuto

Related terms

• gravemente
• gravare
• gravezza
• gravità
• gravoso

Descendants

• ? Danish: grave

Anagrams

• verga

Latin

Adjective

grave

1. nominative neuter singular of gravis
2. accusative neuter singular of gravis
3. vocative neuter singular of gravis

References

• grave in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• grave in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• grave in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia?^[8]

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English græf, from Proto-Germanic *grab?.

Alternative forms

• graf, grafe, grawe, graffe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ra?v/, /?rav/

Noun

grave (plural graves)

1. grave, burial
2. tomb, mausoleum

Derived terms

• gravestone
• graven

Descendants

• English: grave
• Scots: grave, grawe, graive, graiwe, greawe

References

• “gr?ve, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-09.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ra?v?i?/, /??ra?ve?/

Noun

grave (plural graves)

1. Alternative form of gravey

Etymology 3

Noun

grave

1. (Early Middle English) Alternative form of grove

Middle French

Alternative forms

• greve

Etymology

From Old French grave.

Noun

grave f (plural graves)

1. gravel

Descendants

• French: grève

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (grave)

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German gr?fo, gr?vo, gr?fio, gr?vio (“count, local judge”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ra?v?/

Noun

grâve m

1. count, local judge

Declension

Derived terms

• burcgrâve
• göugrâve

Descendants

• German: Graf

References

• “grâve” Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Wilhelm Müller, and Friedrich Zarncke. Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke. Vol. 1. S. Hirzel, 1863.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse grafa, from Proto-Germanic *graban?, from Proto-Indo-European *g?r?b?- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

Verb

grave (imperative grav, present tense graver, passive graves, simple past gravde or grov, past participle gravd, present participle gravende)

1. to dig

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From French grave (“serious, low-pitched, back”), from Latin gravis (“heavy, grave, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?us (“heavy”), from *g?reh?- +? *-us.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??r???/
• Rhymes: -???
• Hyphenation: grave
• Homophone: grav

Noun

grave m (definite singular graven, indefinite plural graver, definite plural gravene)

1. Only used in accent grave (“grave accent”)

References

• “grave” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “grave” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

grave (present tense grev, past tense grov, past participle grave, passive infinitive gravast, present participle gravande, imperative grav)

1. Alternative form of grava

Derived terms

• gullgraving
• utgraving

Old French

Alternative forms

• greve

Etymology

Medieval Latin grava, from Gaulish *grawa, *growa, from Proto-Celtic *gr?w?, related to Cornish grow (“gravel”), Breton grouan, and Welsh gro (“gravel”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g?r-eu-d-.

Noun

grave f (oblique plural graves, nominative singular grave, nominative plural graves)

1. gravel

Descendants

• French: grève

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (grave)

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /???a.v?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /???a.vi/
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /???a.ve/
• Rhymes: -avi

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese grave, from Latin gravis (“heavy; grave”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?us.

Adjective

grave m or f (plural graves, comparable)

2. serious; grave (having possible severe negative consequences)

   Synonyms: sério, severo

4. (of sound) low-pitched; grave (low in pitch or tone)

   Synonym: baixo

6. grave; serious; sombre; austere; solemn (characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness)

   Synonyms: sério, austero, circunspeto, sisudo, solene

8. (archaic, physics) that falls down; that doesn’t float

Inflection

Antonyms

• (low-pitched): agudo

Derived terms

• gravemente

Noun

grave f (plural graves)

1. (music) a low-pitched note

Etymology 2

Verb

grave

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of gravar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of gravar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of gravar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of gravar

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???abe/, [???a.??e]
• Homophone: grabe

Etymology 1

From Old Spanish grave, from Latin gravis, from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?us. Cf. also the attested Old Spanish form grieve, from a Vulgar Latin variant *grevis, which was more common in other Romance-speaking areas.

Adjective

grave (plural graves) (superlative gravísimo)

1. serious, grave
2. bass (sound)

   Synonym: bajo

   Antonym: agudo

3. solemn
4. (phonetics) paroxytone; stressed in the penultimate syllable

   Synonym: llano

   Coordinate terms: agudo, esdrújulo, sobresdrújulo

Derived terms

Related terms

• gravar
• gravedad
• gravitar

Descendants

• ? Tagalog: grabe

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

grave

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of gravar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of gravar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of gravar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of gravar.

Anagrams

• verga

Further reading

• “grave” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

References

Swedish

Adjective

grave

1. absolute definite natural masculine form of grav.

Anagrams

• avger

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian grava, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *graban?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ra?v?/

Verb

grave

1. to dig

Inflection

Further reading

• “grave”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011