different between sullen vs crabbed

English

Etymology

From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin s?lus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from "single" to morose occurred in Middle English.

Pronunciation

• enPR: s?l??n, IPA^(key): /?s?l?n/
• Rhymes: -?l?n
• Hyphenation: sul?len

Adjective

sullen (comparative sullener, superlative sullenest)

1. Having a brooding ill temper; sulky.
   • 1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure

     And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.

   • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.

2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding.

   a sullen atmosphere

   • 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, IV. v. 88:

     Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change;
3. Sluggish; slow.
4. (obsolete) Lonely; solitary; desolate.
5. (obsolete) Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.
6. (obsolete) Obstinate; intractable.
   • a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism

     Things are as sullen as we are.

Synonyms

(in a bad mood):

• sulky, morose

Antonyms

• cheerful
• content
• lighthearted
• pleased

Translations

Noun

sullen (plural sullens)

1. (obsolete) One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Piers Plowman to this entry?)

2. (chiefly in the plural) Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness.
   • 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, II. i. 139:

     And let them die that age and sullens have;

   • 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, I.7:

     [M]y brother […] charged my desire of being excused coming down to sullens, because a certain person had been spoken against, upon whom, as he supposed, my fancy ran.

Anagrams

• unsell

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch sulan

Verb

sullen

1. (auxiliary) must, to have to
2. (auxiliary, negated) may, be allowed to
3. (auxiliary) will, shall, be going to (future tense)
4. (auxiliary, in the past tense) to be about to (inchoative)
5. (modal auxiliary) indicates a possible or hypothetical situation
6. (modal auxiliary) indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• suelen
• s?len
• sellen
• s?len
• sollen

Descendants

• Dutch: zullen
  • Afrikaans: sal
• Limburgish: zölle, zólle

Further reading

• “sullen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “sullen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

Verb

s?llen

1. first-person singular past indicative of suollit

English

Etymology

From Middle English crabbed; equivalent to crab +? -ed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?æbd/
• Rhymes: -æbd

Adjective

crabbed (comparative more crabbed, superlative most crabbed)

1. Bad-tempered or cantankerous.
   • c. 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act III scene i^[1]:

     […] O, she is / Ten times more gentle than her father's crabb'd, / And he's composed of harshness.

2. Cramped, bent.
   • c. 1800 Robert Southey, Winter:

     A wrinkled crabbed man they picture thee,

     Old Winter, with a rugged beard as grey

     As the long moss upon the apple-tree; […]

3. (of handwriting) Crowded together and difficult to read.
4. (aviation, of an aircraft) Pointed at an angle to the runway during approach and landing to compensate for a crosswind.

Derived terms

• crabbedly
• crabbedness

Translations

Verb

crabbed

1. simple past tense and past participle of crab

Middle English

Alternative forms

• crabbid, crabbyd, crabbede

Etymology

From crabbe +? -ed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?krabid/, /?krab?d/

Adjective

crabbed

1. immoral, backwards, savage, rapacious
2. crabbed, ill-tempered, vengeful
3. (rare) Moving in reverse.

Derived terms

• crabbednes
• crabbidly

Descendants

• English: crabbed
• Scots: crabbit

References

• “crabbed, ppl.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-07.