different between substantial vs plump

English

Etymology

From Old French substantiel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s?b?stæn??l/

Adjective

substantial (comparative more substantial, superlative most substantial)

1. Having a substance; actually existing.

   substantial life

2. Not imaginary; real; actual; true; veritable.
   • 1850s, Cardinal John Henry Newman, The Rise and Progress of Universities

     to do some substantial good, is the compensation for much incidental imperfection

3. Corporeal; material; firm.
4. Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm.

5. Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy.

6. Large in size, quantity, or value; ample; significant.

7. Most important; essential.
8. Satisfying; having sufficient substance to be nourishing or filling.

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

substantial (plural substantials)

1. Anything having substance; an essential part.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pl?mp/
• Rhymes: -?mp

Etymology 1

From Middle English plump, plompe, a borrowing from Middle Dutch plomp or Middle Low German plump.

Adjective

plump (comparative plumper or more plump, superlative plumpest or most plump)

1. Having a full and rounded shape; chubby, somewhat overweight.
   • 1651, Thomas Carew, To my friend G. N. from Wrest

     The god of wine did his plump clusters bring.

   • 2015, Anton Chekhov, The Life and Genius of Anton Chekhov: Letters, Diary, Reminiscences and Biography: Assorted Collection of Autobiographical Writings of the Renowned Russian Author and Playwright of Uncle Vanya, The Cherry Orchard, The Three Sisters and The Seagull, e-artnow (?ISBN)

     My ideal is to be idle and to love a plump girl.
2. Fat.
3. Sudden and without reservation; blunt; direct; downright.
   • 1898, George Saintsbury, A Short History of English Literature

     After the plump statement that the author was at Erceldoune and spake with Thomas.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:obese

Antonyms

• See also Thesaurus:scrawny

Translations

Verb

plump (third-person singular simple present plumps, present participle plumping, simple past and past participle plumped)

1. (intransitive) To grow plump; to swell out.

   Her cheeks have plumped.

2. (transitive) To make plump; to fill (out) or support; often with up.

   to plump oysters or scallops by placing them in fresh or brackish water

   • to plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles

3. (transitive) To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily.

   to plump a stone into water

   • 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities

     Although Miss Pross, through her long association with a French family, might have known as much of their language as of her own, if she had had a mind, she had no mind in that direction […] So her manner of marketing was to plump a noun-substantive at the head of a shopkeeper without any introduction in the nature of an article […]

4. (intransitive) To give a plumper (kind of vote).
5. (transitive) To give (a vote), as a plumper.
6. (transitive with for) To favor or decide in favor of something.

Etymology 2

From Middle English plumpen, akin to Middle Dutch plompen, Middle Low German plumpen, German plumpfen.

Verb

plump (third-person singular simple present plumps, present participle plumping, simple past and past participle plumped)

1. (intransitive) To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once.
   • September 24, 1712, The Spectator No. 492, letter from a prude

     Dulcissa plumps into a chair.

Translations

Adverb

plump

1. Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly.

Noun

plump (plural plumps)

1. The sound of a sudden heavy fall.

Etymology 3

From Middle English plump.

Noun

plump (plural plumps)

1. (obsolete) A knot or cluster; a group; a crowd.

References

• plump in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pl?mp/

Adjective

plump (comparative plumper, superlative am plumpesten)

1. crude, clumsy
2. squat, stumpy

Declension

Further reading

• “plump” in Duden online

Irish

Etymology

Onomatopoeic

Pronunciation

• (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /p?l???m?p?/

Noun

plump f (genitive singular plumpa, nominative plural plumpanna)

1. Cois Fharraige form of plimp

Declension

Derived terms

• plumpaíl

Mutation

Further reading

• "plump" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p?l?mp]

Adjective

plump

1. big and awkward
2. base, vulgar