different between sturdy vs valorous
sturdy
English
Etymology
From Middle English sturdy, stourdy, stordy (“bold, valiant, strong, stern, fierce, rebellious”) (perhaps influenced by Middle English sture, stoure, stor (“strong, robust, harsh, stern, violent, fierce, sturdy”); see English stour), from Old French estourdi (“dazed”), form of estourdir, originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French étourdir (“to daze, to make tipsy”)), from Vulgar Latin *exturdire. Latin etymology is unclear – presumably it is ex- + turdus (“thrush (bird)”), but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.
Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?st??di/
- (US) IPA(key): /?st?rdi/
- Rhymes: -??(r)di
Adjective
sturdy (comparative sturdier, superlative sturdiest)
- Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.
- 1657, Henry Wotton, Characters of some Kings of England
- He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy then dainty.
- 1657, Henry Wotton, Characters of some Kings of England
- Solid in structure or person.
- (obsolete) Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn.
- This must be done, and I would fain see / Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay.
- October 28, 1705, Francis Atterbury, a sermon
- A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps.
- Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality.
Synonyms
- hardy
Translations
Noun
sturdy (uncountable)
- A disease in sheep and cattle, caused by a tapeworm and marked by great nervousness or by dullness and stupor.
Synonyms
- gid
Derived terms
- sturdied
Translations
References
- sturdy in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
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valorous
English
Alternative forms
- valourous
Etymology
From Old French valeureux.
Adjective
valorous (comparative more valorous, superlative most valorous)
- Having or displaying valour.
- c. 1490, William Caxton (translator), The Boke of Eneydos, Westminster, Preface,[1]
- this present booke compyled by virgyle ryght subtyl and Ingenyous oratour & poete Intytuled Eneydos hath be translated oute of latyn in to comyn langage In whiche may alle valyaunt prynces and other nobles see many valorous fayttes of armes.
- c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act IV, Scene 4,[2]
- […] he esteems himself happy that he hath fallen into the hands of one, as he thinks, the most brave, valorous, and thrice-worthy signieur of England.
- 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter 15,[3]
- […] I shall be at York—at the head of my daring and valorous fellows, as ready to support any bold design as thy policy can be to form one.
- 1929, Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, New York: Scribner, Book I, Chapter 10, p. 70,[4]
- He held up the glass. “To your valorous wounds. To the silver medal.”
- 2004, Andrea Levy, Small Island, London: Review, Chapter Twelve, p. 139,[5]
- There are many valorous stories told of her, which enthral grown men as well as children.
- c. 1490, William Caxton (translator), The Boke of Eneydos, Westminster, Preface,[1]
Synonyms
- valiant
Derived terms
- valorously
References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “valorous”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
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