different between stratum vs stage

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin str?tum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”), neuter singular of str?tus, perfect passive participle of stern? (“spread”). Doublet of estrade.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?st???t?m/, /?st?e?t?m/

Noun

stratum (plural stratums or strata)

1. One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another.

   Synonym: tier
2. (geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.

   Synonyms: bed, layer

   Coordinate term: seam
3. Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers.
4. (biology) A layer of tissue.
5. A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.
6. (ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height.
7. (computing) The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network.

Related terms

• stratification
• stratify
• stratosphere

Translations

Further reading

• stratum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• stratum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• stratum in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch stratum, from Latin stratum. Doublet of setrat and strata.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?strat?m]
• Hyphenation: stra?tum

Noun

stratum (first-person possessive stratumku, second-person possessive stratummu, third-person possessive stratumnya)

1. (geology) stratum, a layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.

Related terms

Further reading

• “stratum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Etymology

From str?tus, perfect passive participle of stern? (“spread”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?stra?.tum/, [?s?(t?)?ä?t????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?stra.tum/, [?st????t?um]

Noun

str?tum n (genitive str?t?); second declension

1. a bed-covering, coverlet, quilt, blanket
2. a pillow, bolster
3. a bed, couch
4. a horse-blanket, saddle-cloth
5. a pavement

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Descendants

Verb

str?tum

1. accusative supine of stern?

References

• stratum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• stratum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• stratum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• stratum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

English

Etymology

From Middle English stage, from Old French estage (“dwelling, residence; position, situation, condition”), from Old French ester (“to be standing, be located”). Cognate with Old English stæþþan (“to make staid, stay”), Old Norse steðja (“to place, provide, confirm, allow”), Old English stæde, stede (“state, status, standing, place, station, site”). More at stead.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ste?d??/
• Rhymes: -e?d?

Noun

stage (plural stages)

1. A phase.
   • 1986, Daniel Woodrell, Under the Bright Lights p.66

     "They're bikini briefs", Nicole said. "That just means sexy underwear."
     "I though naked was sexy."
     "Well, it is. But sexy comes in stages".
2. (by extension) One of the portions of a device (such as a rocket or thermonuclear weapon) which are used or activated in a particular order, one after another.

3. (theater) A platform; a surface, generally elevated, upon which show performances or other public events are given.
   • 1829, Charles Sprague, Curiosity

     Lo! Where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, / Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age.

   • 1891, Oscar Wilde:, Intentions

     The theater is not merely the meeting place of all the arts, it is also the return of art to life.

4. A floor or storey of a house.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Wyclif to this entry?)

5. A floor elevated for the convenience of mechanical work, etc.; scaffolding; staging.
6. A platform, often floating, serving as a kind of wharf.
7. A stagecoach, an enclosed horsedrawn carriage used to carry passengers.
   • 1711 April 14, Jonathan Swift, letter to Stella

     I went in the sixpenny stage.

   • a parcel sent you by the stage

8. (dated) A place of rest on a regularly travelled road; a station; a place appointed for a relay of horses.
9. (dated) A degree of advancement in a journey; one of several portions into which a road or course is marked off; the distance between two places of rest on a road.
   • 1807, Francis Jeffrey, "Clarkson on Quakerism", in The Edinburgh Review April 1807

     A stage […] signifies a certain distance on a road.

   • 1858, Samuel Smiles, Robert Stephenson, The Life of George Stephenson: Railway Engineer, p.356

     He travelled by gig, with his wife, his favourite horse performing the journey by easy stages.
10. (electronics) The number of an electronic circuit’s block, such as a filter, an amplifier, etc.

11. The place on a microscope where the slide is located for viewing.

12. (video games) A level; one of the sequential areas making up the game.

    Synonym: level

13. A place where anything is publicly exhibited, or a remarkable affair occurs; the scene.
14. (geology) The succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic time scale.

Synonyms

• (phase): tier, level
• (video games): level, map, area, world, track, board, zone, phase

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (sut?ji)

Translations

Verb

stage (third-person singular simple present stages, present participle staging, simple past and past participle staged)

1. (transitive) To produce on a stage, to perform a play.

2. To demonstrate in a deceptive manner.

3. (transitive) To orchestrate; to carry out.

4. (transitive) To place in position to prepare for use.

5. (transitive, medicine) To determine what stage (a disease, etc.) has progressed to
   • 2010, Howard M. Fillit, Kenneth Rockwood, Kenneth Woodhouse, Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology (page 940)

     One method of documenting a wound is as follows: (1) stage the ulcer, time present, setting where occurred; (2) describe the location anatomically; (3) measure ulcer in centimeters (length × width × base); […]

6. (rocketry) To jettison a spent stage of a multistage rocket or other launch vehicle and light the engine(s) of the stage above it.

Derived terms

• hot-stage

Synonyms

• (demonstrate in a deceptive manner): fake

Translations

Anagrams

• Gates, Geats, agest, e-tags, gates, geats, getas

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French stage

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: sta?ge

Noun

stage m (plural stages, diminutive stagetje n)

1. probation, induction
2. apprenticeship
3. internship

Related terms

• stagiair

French

Etymology

From Medieval Latin stagium, itself from Old French estage: ester +? -age (whence modern French étage). Cognates and borrowings are common in other European languages, including Italian stage, Czech stáž, Dutch stage, Portuguese estágio and Serbo-Croatian staž.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sta?/

Noun

stage m (plural stages)

1. internship, job that a trainee is doing in a workplace until a fixed date
2. probation, induction

Related terms

• stagiaire (trainee)

Descendants

References

• “stage” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• gâtes, gâtés

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from French stage.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?sta?/

Noun

stage m (invariable)

1. internship

   Synonym: tirocinio

Usage notes

• The noun is often, but incorrectly, pronounced IPA^(key): /?stejd??/ or IPA^(key): /?st?jd??/ via an erroneous connection to English stage. Sometimes the word is also given the meaning of English "stage" (as in a platform where a performance happens).

Middle English

Etymology

From Old French estage, from ester (“to be standing, be located”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?sta?d?(?)/

Noun

stage (plural stages or stage)

1. A tier of a structure; a floor or storey:
   1. The topmost story of a building; a rooftop.
   2. A deck (surface of a ship)
   3. A floor of a vehicle or on a mount.
2. A raised floor; a platform or podium.
   1. A ledge or shelf (projecting storage platform)
   2. A stage; a platform facing the audience.
   3. A box seat; a premium seat for an audience member.
3. A duration or period; an amount of time.
4. A stage or phase; a sequential part.
5. A tier or grade; a place in a hierarchy.
6. A locale or place; a specified point in space.
7. Heaven (home of (the Christian) God)
8. (rare) The cross-beam of a window.
9. (rare) A seat or chair.
10. (rare) A state of being.

Derived terms

• forstage

Descendants

• English: stage

References

• “st??e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2020-01-12.