different between sovereign vs tsar

English

Alternative forms

• soveraign, soveraigne (archaic)
• sovran (archaic)
• sovring (pronunciation spelling)

Etymology

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *super?nus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?s?v.??n/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?s?v(?)??n/
• Hyphenation: sov?e?reign

Adjective

sovereign (comparative more sovereign, superlative most sovereign)

1. Exercising power of rule.

2. Exceptional in quality.

3. (now rare, pharmacology) Extremely potent or effective (of a medicine, remedy etc.).
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.v:

     The soueraigne weede betwixt two marbles plaine / She pownded small, and did in peeces bruze, / And then atweene her lilly handes twaine, / Into his wound the iuyce thereof did scruze […]

   • a sovereign remedy

   • Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the regulation of the lives and actions of men.

4. Having supreme, ultimate power.

   Gentlemen, may I introduce the Sovereign, Her Royal Highness, and Most Imperial Majesty, Empress Elizabeth of Vicron.
5. Princely; royal.
   • c1610, William Shakespeare, A Winters Tale, V.i:

     You pity not the state, nor the remembrance of his most sovereign name.

6. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.
   • 1594, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie

     We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.

Synonyms

• autonomous
• supreme

Derived terms

• sovereignly
• sovereign citizen
• sovereign state

Translations

Noun

sovereign (plural sovereigns)

1. A monarch; the ruler of a country.
   • 1785, Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia

     No question is to be made but that the bed of the Missisippi[sic] belongs to the sovereign, that is, to the nation.

2. One who is not a subject to a ruler or nation.
3. A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.
4. A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 25 liters, equivalent to 33? standard bottles.
5. Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalini, or genus Basilarchia, as the ursula and the viceroy.
6. (Britain, slang) A large, garish ring; a sovereign ring.
   • 2004, December 11, "Birkenhead, Merseyside" BBC Voices recording (0:06:52)

     No, someone who wears loads of sovereigns as well loads of gold and has uh a curly perm and peroxide blonde hair, orange, orange sunbed skin and a fringe like this blow-dried to death, that’s a ‘scally’.

Hyponyms

• (monarch): king, queen

Derived terms

• sovereignty

Descendants

• ? Irish: sabhran
• ? Russian: ??????? (soveren)
• ? Scottish Gaelic: sòbharan
• ? Welsh: sofren

Translations

See also

• half sovereign

Verb

sovereign (third-person singular simple present sovereigns, present participle sovereigning, simple past and past participle sovereigned)

1. (transitive) To rule over as a sovereign.

Anagrams

• Rovignese, virogenes

English

Alternative forms

• czar, tzar, csar

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian ???? (car?), from Old East Slavic ?????? (c?sar?), from Proto-Slavic *c?sa??, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of kaiser. The spelling tsar began to replace the older czar in the nineteenth century.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /(t)s??/, /z??/
• (US) IPA^(key): /(t)s??/, /z??/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /z??/, /ts??/
• Rhymes: -??(?)
• Homophone: Saar

Noun

tsar (plural tsars)

1. (historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states.
2. (figuratively) A person with great power; an autocrat.

Usage notes

• (emperor of Russia): Officially, emperors after 1721 were styled imperator (?????????? (imperátor)) rather than tsar (???? (car?)), but the latter term is still commonly applied to them.
• The term sometimes refers to other emperors, besides those of Russia, e.g. the monarch of Bulgaria (1908-1946).
• The spelling czar is the most common one in the US, especially in figurative and informal senses. Scholarly literature prefers tsar.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Hindi: ???? (z?r), ????? (ts?r)
• ? Irish: sár
• ? Japanese: ??? (ts?)
• ? Urdu: ????, ?????

Translations

References

Anagrams

• 'rats, RAST, RATs, RTAs, Star, TSRA, arts, arts., rats, sart, star, tars

Catalan

Noun

tsar m (plural tsars)

1. tsar

French

Alternative forms

• czar, tzar

Etymology

From Russian ???? (car?), from Old East Slavic ?????? (c?sar?), from Proto-Slavic *c?sa??, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tsa?/

Noun

tsar m (plural tsars)

1. czar (Russian nobility)

Related terms

• tsariste
• tsarisme
• tsarine

Descendants

• ? Persian: ????? (tezâr)

Further reading

• “tsar” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• arts, rats, star

Galician

Noun

tsar m (plural tsares)

1. tsar

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Russian ???? (car?), from Gothic ???????????????????????? (kaisar), from Latin Caesar

Noun

tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarer, definite plural tsarene)

1. a tsar or czar

References

• “tsar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “tsar” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Russian ???? (car?), from Gothic ???????????????????????? (kaisar), from Latin Caesar

Noun

tsar m (definite singular tsaren, indefinite plural tsarar, definite plural tsarane)

1. a tsar or czar

References

• “tsar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Noun

tsar m (plural tsares, feminine tsarina, feminine plural tsarinas)

1. Alternative form of czar

Swedish

Etymology

From Russian ???? (car?), from Old East Slavic ?????? (c?sar?), from Proto-Slavic *c?sa??, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar

Noun

tsar c

1. tsar

Declension

Anagrams

• arts, astr., rast, tars

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *??és?r, from *??es-. Cognate with Albanian dorë, Ancient Greek ???? (kheír), Old Armenian ???? (je?n), Hittite [script needed] (kessar). Compare Tocharian B ?ar.

Noun

tsar m

1. hand