different between start vs trauma

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /st??t/
• (General American) enPR: stärt, IPA^(key): /st??t/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t

Etymology 1

From Middle English stert, from the verb sterten (“to start, startle”). See below.

Noun

start (plural starts)

1. The beginning of an activity.

   The movie was entertaining from start to finish.
2. A sudden involuntary movement.

   He woke with a start.

   • 1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Olalla

     The sight of his scared face, his starts and pallors and sudden harkenings, unstrung me […]

3. The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.

   Captured pieces are returned to the start of the board.

4. An appearance in a sports game, horserace, etc., from the beginning of the event.

   Jones has been a substitute before, but made his first start for the team last Sunday.
5. (horticulture) A young plant germinated in a pot to be transplanted later.
   • 2009, Liz Primeau, Steven A. Frowine, Gardening Basics For Canadians For Dummies

     You generally see nursery starts at garden centres in mid to late spring. Small annual plants are generally sold in four-packs or larger packs, with each cell holding a single young plant.

6. An initial advantage over somebody else; a head start.

   to get, or have, the start

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? German: Start

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.

Verb

start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)

1. (transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.
   1. To set in motion.
      • April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30

        I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse.
   2. To begin.
   4. To initiate operation of a vehicle or machine.

   5. To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion).
   6. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.
      • 1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex

        Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.

2. (intransitive) To begin an activity.
3. (intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin.

4. To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.
   1. (intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise.
      • I start as from some dreadful dream.

      • 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick, or The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry After Truth With a Variety of Rules to Guard

        Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.

      • 1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, XXXI:

        [...] The tempest's mocking elf / Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf / He strikes on, only when the timbers start.

   2. (intransitive) To awaken suddenly.
   3. (transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly.
      • c. 1603, William Shakespeare, Othello, Act I, Scene i^[2]:

        [...]Upon malicious bravery dost thou come / To start my quiet?

   4. (transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate.
      • 1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgical Treatises

        One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.

5. (intransitive) To break away, to come loose.
6. (transitive, sports) To put into play.
   • 2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, ?ISBN, page 361:

     The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.

7. (transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from.

8. (intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation).

Usage notes

• In uses 1.1 and 1.2 this is a catenative verb that takes the infinitive (to) or the gerund (-ing) form. There is no change in meaning.
• For more information, see Appendix:English catenative verbs

Antonyms

• stop
• end

Derived terms

• astart
• start-up
• starter

Descendants

• ? Dutch: starten
• ? German: starten
• ? Norman: stèrter
• ? French: starter
• ? Icelandic: starta
• ? Faroese: starta
• ? Norwegian Bokmål: starte
• ? Norwegian Nynorsk: starta
• ? Swedish: starta
• ? Danish: starte
• ? Slovak: štartova?

Translations

See also

Etymology 3

From Middle English stert, start, from Old English steort, stert, from Proto-Germanic *stertaz (“tail”). Cognate with Dutch staart (“tail”), German Sterz (“tail, handle”), Swedish stjärt (“tail, arse”).

Noun

start (plural starts)

1. A tail, or anything projecting like a tail.
2. A handle, especially that of a plough.
3. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water wheel bucket.
4. The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.

Derived terms

1. redstart

Anagrams

• Strat, Tarts, strat, tarts

Breton

Adjective

start

1. firm, strong
2. difficult

Derived terms

• startijenn

Further reading

• Herve Ar Bihan, Colloquial Breton, pages 16 and 268: define "start" as "hard, difficult, firm"

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start

1. start

Declension

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajins?ko-kryms?kotatars?kyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]?^[3], Simferopol: Dolya, ?ISBN

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?start]

Noun

start m

1. start (beginning point of a race)

Declension

Related terms

• p?ipravit se, pozor, start

See also

• cíl m

Further reading

• start in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• start in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start c (singular definite starten, plural indefinite starter)

1. start

Inflection

Verb

start

1. imperative of starte

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?rt/
• Hyphenation: start
• Rhymes: -?rt

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start m (plural starts, diminutive startje n)

1. start

Derived terms

• pikstart
• startbaan
• starten
• startpunt

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

start

1. first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of starten
2. imperative of starten

German

Verb

start

1. singular imperative of starten

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural starter, definite plural startene)

1. a start

Derived terms

• omstart
• startsted

Etymology 2

Verb

start

1. imperative of starte

References

• “start” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?rt/

Noun

start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural startar, definite plural startane)

1. a start (beginning)

Verb

start

1. imperative of starta

Derived terms

• omstart

References

• “start” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /start/

Noun

start m inan

1. (sports) start (the beginning of a race)
2. (aviation) takeoff

   Z niecierpliwo?ci? czeka?am na start samolotu do Pary?a.

   I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off. (=for its take-off)

3. participation

   Wi?kszo?? kibiców ucieszy?a si?, ?e zdecydowa? si? on na start w zawodach.

   Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.

Declension

Derived terms

• startowa? (“to start”, verb)
• startowy (“tarting, take-off”, adjective)
• falstart m (“false start”, noun)

Further reading

• start in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

Noun

start c

1. a start; a beginning (of a race)
2. the starting (of an engine)

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• starta
• starter
• startare

References

• start in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• ratts, trast

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sta?t]
• Hyphenation: start

Noun

start (definite accusative start?, plural startlar)

1. start

Usage notes

As Turks are generally not easily spelling consonants at the beginning of a syllable, this word may often be spelled as [s?ta?t].

Declension

Antonyms

• fini?

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?t???.m?/, /?t?a?.m?/

Rhymes: -??m?, -a?m?

• (US) IPA^(key): /?t??.m?/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /?t??.m?/
• (cot–caught merger, father-bother merger) IPA^(key): /?t??.m?/

Noun

trauma (countable and uncountable, plural traumas or traumata)

1. Any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.
2. An emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
3. An event that causes great distress.

Derived terms

• phonotrauma
• traumatism
• traumatise/traumatize
• trauma incidence reduction

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ????

Translations

References

• trauma at OneLook Dictionary Search
• trauma in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• trauma in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Murata, Tamura, matura

Catalan

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?t?aw.m?/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?t?aw.ma/

Noun

trauma m (plural traumes)

1. trauma

Derived terms

• traumatitzar

Related terms

• traumàtic

Further reading

• “trauma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “trauma” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “trauma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “trauma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound”) via German Trauma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tra??ma/

Noun

trauma n

1. trauma

Declension

Related terms

• traumatický
• traumatizovat
• traumatologie

References

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed internationalism, ultimately from Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tr?u?.ma?/
• Hyphenation: trau?ma

Noun

trauma n (plural trauma's or traumata, diminutive traumaatje n)

1. trauma

Derived terms

• hoofdtrauma
• traumatisch
• traumatiseren
• traumatalogie

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: trauma

Finnish

Etymology

< Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound”).

Noun

trauma

1. trauma

Declension

Anagrams

• maarut, murtaa

French

Etymology

From the Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t?o.ma/

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. (medicine) trauma (a localised injury produced by an external action)
2. (psychology and psychoanalysis, elliptical use for trauma psychique) psychic trauma

Synonyms

• (psychic trauma): traumatisme psychique

Derived terms

• trauma acoustique
• trauma auditif
• trauma parodontal
• trauma psychique
• trauma sonore

References

• “trauma” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. an emotional wound
2. (medicine) trauma; serious physical injury

Related terms

• traumático
• traumatismo
• traumatizar

Interlingua

Noun

trauma (plural traumas)

1. trauma

Related terms

• traumatic

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch trauma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?trau?ma]
• Hyphenation: trau?ma

Noun

trauma (first-person possessive traumaku, second-person possessive traumamu, third-person possessive traumanya)

1. trauma:
   1. an event that causes great distress.
   2. (psychology, psychiatry) an emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
   3. (surgery) any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.

      Synonym: rudapaksa

Related terms

Further reading

• “trauma” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Noun

trauma m (plural traumi)

1. trauma

Anagrams

• matura, murata

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?træ??.m?/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

trauma n (definite singular traumaet, indefinite plural trauma, definite plural traumaa)

1. alternative form of traume

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²træ??.m?/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

trauma n

1. definite plural of traume

Polish

Etymology

From English trauma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?traw.ma/

Noun

trauma f

1. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)

   Synonym: uraz

2. (psychology) trauma (emotional wound)

Declension

Related terms

• (verb) traumatyzowa?
• (nouns) traumatyk, traumatyzm, traumatyzacja, traumatolog, traumatologia
• (adjectives) traumatyczny, traumatologiczny

Further reading

• trauma in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• trauma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -awma

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. trauma (emotional wound)
2. trauma (event that causes great distress)
3. (medicine) trauma (serious injury to the body)

   Synonym: traumatismo

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tr?uma/
• Hyphenation: tra?u?ma

Noun

tràuma f (Cyrillic spelling ???????)

1. trauma

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ?????? (traûma, “wound, damage”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?t?auma/, [?t??au?.ma]
• Hyphenation: trau?ma

Noun

trauma m (plural traumas)

1. (medicine, psychology) trauma
2. injury; harm

Derived terms

• antitrauma
• traumatizar
• traumático
• traumatizante
• traumado

Anagrams

• mutara
• mutará