different between shoulder vs hoist

English

Etymology

From Middle English schuldre, sholder, shulder, schulder, from Old English sculdra, sculdor (“shoulder”), from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru (“shoulder”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), see shield. Cognate with Old Frisian skuldere (“shoulder”) (West Frisian skouder (“shoulder”)), Middle Low German scholder (“shoulder”), Low German Schuller (“shoulder”), Dutch schouder (“shoulder”), German Schulter (“shoulder”), Danish skulder (“shoulder”), Swedish skuldra (“shoulder”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /????ld?/
• (General American) enPR: sh?l?d?r, IPA^(key): /??o?ld?/
• Rhymes: -??ld?(r)
• Hyphenation: shoul?der

Noun

shoulder (plural shoulders)

1. The part of an animal's body between the base of the neck and forearm socket.
   1. The part of the human torso forming a relatively horizontal surface running away from the neck.
   2. (anatomy) The joint between the arm and the torso, sometimes including the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
   3. A cut of meat comprising the upper joint of the foreleg and the surrounding muscle.
   4. The portion of a garment where the shoulder is clothed.
2. Anything forming a shape resembling a human shoulder.
3. (topography) A shelf between two levels.
   1. A verge to the side of a road.

   2. The portion of a hill or mountain just below the peak.
   3. A lateral protrusion of a hill or mountain.
   4. The angle of a bastion included between the face and flank.
   5. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or limits motion, etc., such as the projection around a tenon at the end of a piece of timber.
4. (printing) The flat portion of type that is below the bevelled portion that joins up with the face.
5. (of an object) The portion between the neck and the body.
   1. (music) The rounded portion of a stringed instrument where the neck joins the body.
   2. The rounded portion of a bottle where the neck meets the body.
   3. (firearms) The angled section between the neck and the main body of a cartridge.
6. (figuratively) That which supports or sustains; support.
7. The part of a key between the cuts and the bow.
8. (surfing) The part of a wave that has not yet broken.

Hyponyms

• (a verge to the side of a road): hard shoulder, soft shoulder

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

shoulder (third-person singular simple present shoulders, present participle shouldering, simple past and past participle shouldered)

1. (transitive) To push (a person or thing) using one's shoulder.
   • 1714, Nicholas Rowe, The Tragedy of Jane Shore

     Around her numberless the rabble flowed, / Shouldering each other, crowding for a view.

2. (transitive) To put (something) on one's shoulders.
   • 1922, A. M. Chisholm, A Thousand a Plate

     Early in the morning they shouldered light packs, took their rifles, crossed the big draw, and entered the timber where was the deadfall.
3. (transitive) To place (something) against one's shoulders.
4. (transitive, figuratively) To bear a burden, as a financial obligation.
5. (transitive, figuratively) To accept responsibility for.

6. (transitive) To form a shape resembling a shoulder.
7. (intransitive) To move by or as if by using one's shoulders.
8. (transitive) To round and slightly raise the top edges of slate shingles so that they form a tighter fit at the lower edge and can be swung aside to expose the nail.
9. (intransitive) To slope downwards from the crest and whitewater portion of a wave.
10. (transitive, archaic, slang) Of a servant: to embezzle money from (the employer).

Translations

Further reading

• shoulder at OneLook Dictionary Search

English

Etymology

Alteration of hoise, apparently based on the past tense and participle. Compare Danish hejse, Dutch hijsen, German hissen, Italian issare, Sicilian jisari (loaned from a Germanic source).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h??st/
• Hyphenation: hoist
• Rhymes: -??st

Verb

hoist (third-person singular simple present hoists, present participle hoisting, simple past and past participle hoisted or hoist)

1. (transitive) To raise; to lift; to elevate (especially, to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle or pulley, said of a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight).
   • 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:

     […] but this last was so heavy, I could not hoist it up to get it over the ship's side.

   • 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

     Between us, with much trouble, we managed to hoist him upstairs, and laid him on his bed, where his head fell back on the pillow, as if he were almost fainting.

2. (transitive, sports, often figuratively) To lift a trophy or similar prize into the air in celebration of a victory.
3. (transitive, historical) To lift someone up to be flogged.
4. (intransitive) To be lifted up.
5. (transitive, computing theory) To extract (code) from a loop construct as part of optimization.
6. (transitive, slang) To steal.
7. (transitive, slang) To rob.

Usage notes

• "Hoisted" is about fifteen times more common than "hoist" in US usage as past and past participle. The "hoist" form is also uncommon in the UK except in the expression "hoist by one's own petard".

Derived terms

• hoist with one's own petard

Translations

Noun

hoist (plural hoists)

1. A hoisting device, such as pulley or crane.
2. The act of hoisting; a lift.

   Give me a hoist over that wall.

3. The perpendicular height of a flag, as opposed to the fly, or horizontal length, when flying from a staff.
4. The vertical edge of a flag which is next to the staff.
5. The height of a fore-and-aft sail, next the mast or stay.

Translations

References

• hoist on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• histo, histo-, hoits, shito