different between short vs rough
short
English
Etymology
From Middle English schort, short, from Old English s?eort, s?ort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognate with shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”), Proto-Slavic *kort?k?. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.
Pronunciation
- enPR: shôrt
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /???t/
- (General American) IPA(key): /???t/
- (St. Louis (Missouri)) IPA(key): [???t]
- (General Australian, General New Zealand) IPA(key): /?o?t/
- Rhymes: -??(?)t
Adjective
short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)
- Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.
- (of a person) Of comparatively small height.
- Having little duration.
- Antonym: long
- (followed by for) Of a word or phrase, constituting an abbreviation (for another) or shortened form (of another).
- (cricket, of a fielder or fielding position) that is relatively close to the batsman.
- (cricket, of a ball) bowled so that it bounces relatively far from the batsman.
- (golf, of an approach shot or putt) that falls short of the green or the hole.
- (of pastries) Brittle, crumbly, especially due to the use of a large quantity of fat. (See shortbread, shortcake, shortcrust, shortening.)
- Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant.
- Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty.
- Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied, especially with money; scantily furnished; lacking.
- Deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard.
- (colloquial) Undiluted; neat.
- (obsolete) Not distant in time; near at hand.
- But, alas! he who escapes from death is not pardoned; he is only reprieved, and reprieved to a short day.
- Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.
Usage notes
- (having a small distance between ends or edges): Short is often used in the positive vertical dimension and used as is shallow in the negative vertical dimension; in the horizontal dimension narrow is more commonly used.
Synonyms
- (having a small distance between ends or edges): low, narrow, slim, shallow
- (of a person, of comparatively little height): little, pint-sized, petite, titchy (slang)
- (having little duration): brief, concise
- (constituting an abbreviation (for)): an abbreviation of, a short form of
Antonyms
- (having a small distance between ends or edges): tall, high, wide, broad, deep, long
- (of a person, of comparatively little height): tall
- (having little duration): long
- (cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman): long
- (financial position expecting falling value): long
Translations
Adverb
short (not comparable)
- Abruptly, curtly, briefly.
- Unawares.
- Without achieving a goal or requirement.
- (cricket, of the manner of bounce of a cricket ball) Relatively far from the batsman and hence bouncing higher than normal; opposite of full.
- (finance) With a negative ownership position.
Derived terms
- three stops short of Dagenham
Translations
Noun
short (plural shorts)
- A short circuit.
- A short film.
- 2012 July 12, Sam Adams, AV Club Ice Age: Continental Drift[2]
- Preceded by a Simpsons short shot in 3-D—perhaps the only thing more superfluous than a fourth Ice Age movie—Ice Age: Continental Drift finds a retinue of vaguely contemporaneous animals coping with life in the post-Pangaea age.
- 2012 July 12, Sam Adams, AV Club Ice Age: Continental Drift[2]
- A short version of a garment in a particular size.
- (baseball) A shortstop.
- (finance) A short seller.
- (finance) A short sale.
- A summary account.
- (phonetics) A short sound, syllable, or vowel.
- (programming) An integer variable having a smaller range than normal integers; usually two bytes long.
- (US, slang) An automobile; especially in crack shorts, to break into automobiles.
- 1975, Mary Sanches, Ben G. Blount, Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use (page 47)
- For example, one addict would crack shorts (break and enter cars) and usually obtain just enough stolen goods to buy stuff and get off just before getting sick.
- 1982, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, Career Criminal Life Sentence Act of 1981: Hearings (page 87)
- […] list of all crimes reported by these 61 daily criminals during their years on the street is: theft (this includes shoplifting; "cracking shorts", burglary and other forms of stealing), dealing, forgery, gambling, confidence games (flim-flam, etc.) […]
- 1975, Mary Sanches, Ben G. Blount, Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use (page 47)
Translations
See also
- shorts
Verb
short (third-person singular simple present shorts, present participle shorting, simple past and past participle shorted)
- (transitive) To cause a short circuit in (something).
- (intransitive) Of an electrical circuit, to short circuit.
- (transitive) To shortchange.
- (transitive) To provide with a smaller than agreed or labeled amount.
- (transitive, business) To sell something, especially securities, that one does not own at the moment for delivery at a later date in hopes of profiting from a decline in the price; to sell short.
- (obsolete) To shorten.
Translations
Preposition
short
- Deficient in.
- (finance) Having a negative position in.
Synonyms
- (deficient in): lacking, short on
Translations
Derived terms
Anagrams
- Stohr, horst, hotrs, thors, trosh
Albanian
Etymology
Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin sors, sortem.
Noun
short m
- drawing (action where the outcome is selected by chance using a draw)
- sweepstakes
Chinese
Etymology
From English short.
Pronunciation
Adjective
short
- (Cantonese) insane; crazy
Derived terms
Verb
short
- (Cantonese, of electronics) to malfunction
- (Cantonese, electrical engineering) to short-circuit
References
- ???? [3]
French
Etymology
From English shorts.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???t/
Noun
short m (plural shorts)
- shorts, short trousers (UK)
- Avec un pantalon, j'ai moins froid aux jambes qu'avec un short.
- “With trousers on, my legs are not as cold as with shorts on.”
- Avec un pantalon, j'ai moins froid aux jambes qu'avec un short.
Further reading
- “short” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Italian
Etymology
From English short.
Noun
short m (invariable)
- short (short film etc)
Middle English
Adjective
short
- Alternative form of schort
Portuguese
Alternative forms
- shorts
Etymology
From English shorts.
Noun
short m (plural shorts)
- shorts (pants that do not go lower than the knees)
- Synonym: calção
Spanish
Etymology
From English shorts.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??o?t/, [??o?t?]
Noun
short m (plural shorts)
- shorts
short From the web:
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rough
English
Alternative forms
- ruff (colloquial)
Etymology
From Middle English rough, rogh, ro?e, row, rou, ru, ru?, ruh, from Old English r?g, r?h, from Proto-Germanic *r?haz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /??f/
- Rhymes: -?f
- Homophone: ruff
Adjective
rough (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)
- Not smooth; uneven.
- 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
- The rock was one of those tremendously solid brown, or rather black, rocks which emerge from the sand like something primitive. Rough with crinkled limpet shells and sparsely strewn with locks of dry seaweed, a small boy has to stretch his legs far apart, and indeed to feel rather heroic, before he gets to the top.
- 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
- Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
- Turbulent.
- 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
- With my mother's permission and blessings, I set off exultantly for Bombay, leaving my wife with a baby of a few months. But on arrival there, friends told my brother that the Indian Ocean was rough in June and July, and as this was my first voyage, I should not be allowed to sail until November.
- 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
- Difficult; trying.
- Crude; unrefined
- Violent; not careful or subtle
- Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
- But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
And smooth or rough, with them
- But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
- Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.
- Harsh-tasting.
- (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick
- (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover
Antonyms
- smooth
Derived terms
Translations
Noun
rough (plural roughs)
- The unmowed part of a golf course.
- A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
- (cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
- The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
- A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
- (obsolete) Boisterous weather.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Fletcher to this entry?)
- A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
rough (third-person singular simple present roughs, present participle roughing, simple past and past participle roughed)
- To create in an approximate form.
- (ice hockey) To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
- To render rough; to roughen.
- To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Crabb to this entry?)
- To endure primitive conditions.
- (transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
Derived terms
Translations
Adverb
rough (comparative more rough, superlative most rough)
- In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Derived terms
- sleep rough
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