different between shall vs suppose

English

Alternative forms

• shal (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English schal (infinitive schulen), from Old English s?eal (infinitive s?ulan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skal (infinitive *skulan?), from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to owe, be under obligation”).

Cognate with Scots sall, sal (“shall”), West Frisian sil (infinitive sille (“shall”)), Dutch zal (infinitive zullen (“shall”)), Low German schall (infinitive schölen (“shall”)), German soll (infinitive sollen (“ought to”)), Danish skal (infinitive skulle (“shall”)), Icelandic skal (infinitive skulu (“shall”)), Afrikaans sal. Related to shild.

Pronunciation

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /??æl/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /??l/, (pre-consonantal only) /?(?)/
• Rhymes: -æl (when stressed)

Verb

shall (third-person singular simple present shall, no present participle, simple past (archaic) should, no past participle)

1. (modal, auxiliary verb, defective) Used before a verb to indicate the simple future tense in the first person singular or plural.

   I shall sing in the choir tomorrow.

   I hope that we shall win the game.

   • 1900, L. Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Chapter 23

     "Then, having used up the powers of the Golden Cap, I shall give it to the King of the Monkeys, that he and his band may thereafter be free for evermore."

2. Used similarly to indicate determination or obligation in the second and third persons singular or plural.

   (determination): You shall go to the ball!

   (obligation): Citizens shall provide proof of identity.
3. Used in questions with the first person singular or plural to suggest a possible future action.

   Shall I help you with that?

   Shall we go out later?

   Let us examine that, shall we?

4. (obsolete) To owe.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Usage notes

• Shall is about one-fourth as common as will in North America compared to in the United Kingdom. Lack of exposure leads many in North America to consider it formal or even pompous or archaic, best reserved for court decisions and legal contracts. North Americans mainly use it in senses two and three.
• In the past, will and shall were interchangeable and synonymous, used similarly as auxiliary verbs for the future tense but separate persons. The simple future tense traditionally used shall for the first person (”I” and “we”), and will for the second and third persons. This distinction existed largely in formal language and gradually disappeared in Early Modern English.

  I shall go.

  You will go.

  • An emphatic future tense, indicating volition of the speaker, reverses the two words, using will for the first person and shall for the second and third person.

    I will go.

    You shall go.

  • Usage can be reversed in questions and in dependent clauses—especially with indirect discourse. For example: Shall you do it? anticipates the response I shall do it. Or: he says that he shall win or he expects that he shall win anticipate his saying I shall win, not I will win.

Derived terms

• shalbe
• shalt
• shan't

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: sa

Translations

See also

• ought
• should
• will
• Appendix:English modal verbs
• Appendix:English tag questions

References

• shall at OneLook Dictionary Search
• shall in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Halls, halls

English

Etymology

From Middle English supposen, borrowed from Old French supposer, equivalent to prefix sub- (“under”) + poser (“to place”); corresponding in meaning to Latin supponere (“to put under, to substitute, falsify, counterfeit”), suppositum. See pose.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /s??p??z/, [s??p???z]
• (US) IPA^(key): /s??po?z/, [s??p?o?z]

• (syncope, contraction)
  • (UK) IPA^(key): /?sp??z/, [?sp??z]
  • (US) IPA^(key): /?spo?z/, [?spo?z]
• Rhymes: -??z

Verb

suppose (third-person singular simple present supposes, present participle supposing, simple past and past participle supposed)

1. (transitive) To take for granted; to conclude, with less than absolute supporting data; to believe.
2. (transitive) To theorize or hypothesize.
3. (transitive) To imagine; to believe; to receive as true.
   • Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men, the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead.
4. (transitive) To require to exist or to be true; to imply by the laws of thought or of nature.

   Purpose supposes foresight.

   • 1752, Charlotte Lennox, The Female Quixote

     One falsehood always supposes another, and renders all you can say suspected.

5. (transitive) To put by fraud in the place of another.

Synonyms

• assume (1,2)
• See also Thesaurus:suppose

Derived terms

• supposable
• supposed to (idiom)
• supposedly

Descendants

• Chinese Pidgin English: supposey

Translations

French

Verb

suppose

1. first-person singular present indicative of supposer
2. third-person singular present indicative of supposer
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of supposer
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of supposer
5. second-person singular imperative of supposer

Italian

Verb

suppose

1. third-person singular past historic of supporre