different between wort vs must

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /w??t/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /w?t/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t

Etymology 1

From Middle English wort, wurt, wyrte (“plant”), from Old English wyrt (“herb, vegetable, plant, crop, root”), from Proto-Germanic *wurtiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds. Doublet of root.

Noun

wort (plural worts)

1. (archaic) A plant; herb; vegetable.

   • he drinks water, and lives on wort leaves, pulse, like a hogg, or scraps like a dog […].

   • 1673, Jeremy Taylor, Heniaytos: A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year […]

     It is an excellent pleasure to be able to take pleasure in worts and water, in bread and onions, for then a man can never want pleasure when it is so ready for him, that nature hath spread it over all its provisions.

2. Any of various plants or herbs, used in combination to refer to specific plants such as St. John's wort, or on its own as a generic term.

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

• List of wort plants on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From Middle English wort, worte (“brewing wort”), from Old English wyrt, wyrte (“brewing wort, new beer, spice”), from Proto-Germanic *wurtij? (“spice”), from Proto-Indo-European *wr?h?d- (“sprout, root”).

Cognate with Dutch wort (“wort”), German Würze (“wort, seasoning, spice”), Danish urt (“beer wort”), Swedish vört (“beer wort”).

Noun

wort (uncountable)

1. (brewing) Liquid extract from the ground malt and grain soaked in hot water, the mash, as one of the steps in making beer.

Translations

Further reading

• wort on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• ROTW, rowt, trow

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• wòrt, wört, wourd, wuart

Etymology

From Middle High German wort. Cognate with German Wort, Dutch woord, English word, Icelandic orð.

Noun

wort n

1. (Formazza) word

References

• “wort” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch worte, from Old Dutch *wurta, from Proto-Germanic *wurtij?.

Pronunciation

Noun

wort n (uncountable)

1. wort (unfermented beer)

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch wort

Noun

wort n or f

1. word
2. diction, what someone says or writes
3. prescription, order

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• w?ort

Descendants

• Dutch: woord
• Limburgish: waord, waordj

Further reading

• “wort”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “wort (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English wyrt (“plant, herb”), from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts (oblique stem *wurt-), from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds. Doublet of rote (“root”).

Alternative forms

• worte, wurte, woort, wrt, wyrte, wert, wuyrte

Pronunciation

• (mainly Early ME) IPA^(key): /?wirt/
• IPA^(key): /?wurt/

Noun

wort (plural wortes or worten)

2. A plant (not including trees, shrubs, etc.):
   1. A plant that is wild or not cultivated or harvested.
   2. A plant that harvested or grown; often as a herb or vegetable.
   3. A plant employed for supposed curative or medical properties.
   4. A leaf as part of a salad or other vegetable dish.

Usage notes

This term is often used in compounds.

Related terms

Descendants

• English: wort

References

• “w?rt, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-22.

Etymology 2

From Old English wyrt, wyrte (“wort”), from Proto-Germanic *wurtij?.

Alternative forms

• wurte, worte, woort, wrt, wurt

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?wurt/

Noun

wort (uncountable)

2. Wort (as in brewing) or an analogous mixture (e.g. used for mead)

Descendants

• English: wort
• Scots: wort, wirt

References

• “w?rt, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-22.

Middle High German

Etymology

From Old High German wort.
The sense verb is a literal translation of Latin verbum.

Noun

wort n

1. word
2. (grammar) verb
   • 14th century, Heinrich von Mügeln. Normalised spellings: 1867, Karl Julis Schröer, Die Dichtungen Heinrichs von Mügeln (Mogelîn) nach den Handschriften besprochen, Wien, p. 476:

     Nam, vornam, wort, darnâch

     zûwort, teilfanc, zûfûg ich sach,

     vorsatz, înworf under irem dach

     gemunzet und geformet stân.

Descendants

• Alemannic German:

  Alsatian: Wort

  Italian Walser: wort, wourd, wuart, wòrt, wört

  Swabian: Wort

• Bavarian: Wort

  Cimbrian: bóart, bort

  Mòcheno: bourt

  Udinese: boart, bort, bört

• Central Franconian: Woot, Wort

  Hunsrik: Wort

• German: Wort
• Luxembourgish: Wuert
• Vilamovian: wiüt
• Yiddish: ??????? (vort)

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *word

Noun

wort n

1. word

Inflection

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: wort
  • Dutch: woord
  • Limburgish: waord, waordj

Further reading

• “wort”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *word, whence also Old Dutch wort, Old Saxon and Old English word, Old Norse orð, Gothic ???????????????????? (waurd).
The sense verb is a literal translation of Latin verbum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?wort/

Noun

wort n

1. word
2. (grammar) verb

Declension

Descendants

• Middle High German: wort
  • Alemannic German:

    Alsatian: Wort

    Italian Walser: wort, wourd, wuart, wòrt, wört

    Swabian: Wort

  • Bavarian: Wort

    Cimbrian: bóart, bort

    Mòcheno: bourt

    Udinese: boart, bort, bört

  • Central Franconian: Woot, Wort

    Hunsrik: Wort

  • German: Wort
  • Luxembourgish: Wuert
  • Vilamovian: wiüt
  • Yiddish: ??????? (vort)

Scots

Alternative forms

• wirt

Etymology

From Middle English wort

Noun

wort (uncountable)

1. (Middle Scots) wort

References

• “wort” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

English

Alternative forms

• mus'

Pronunciation

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /?m?st/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /m?s(t)/
• Rhymes: -?st
• Homophone: mussed

Etymology 1

From Middle English moste ("must", literally, "had to", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English m?ste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of m?tan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”). From Proto-Germanic *m?tan?. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.

Verb

must (third-person singular simple present must, no present participle, simple past must, no past participle)

1. (modal auxiliary, defective) To do with certainty; indicates that the speaker is certain that the subject will have executed the predicate.

2. (modal auxiliary, defective) To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a negative consequence.
3. (modal auxiliary, defective) Used to indicate that something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true.

Usage notes

• (auxiliary, to do with certainty): Compare with weaker auxiliary verb should, indicating a strong probability of the predicate’s execution.
• (auxiliary, to do as a requirement): Compare with weaker auxiliary verb should, indicating mere intent for the predicate’s execution; and stronger auxiliary verb will, indicating that the negative consequence will be unusually severe.
• The past tense of “must” is also “must”. In main clauses, this use of the past tense is almost always literary (see King James Bible, Leiber, and Alcott quotations below). In subordinate clauses, it is more common: He knew what he must do. Otherwise, the past sense is usually conveyed by had to. It is possible to use was bound to for the past also. For this reason, have to and be bound to are also used as alternatives to must in the present and future.
• The principal verb, if easily supplied, may be omitted. In modern usage this is mainly literary (see Housman and Tolkien quotations below).
• Must is unusual in its negation: must not still expresses a definite certainty or requirement. Need and have to, on the other hand, are negated in the usual manner. Compare:

You must not read that book. (It is necessary that you not read that book.)

You need not read that book. / You do not have to read that book. (It is not necessary that you read that book.)

• The second-person singular (thou being the subject) no longer adds -est (as it did in Old English).

Translations

See also

• Appendix:English modal verbs
• Appendix:English tag questions

Noun

must (plural musts)

1. Something that is mandatory or required.

   Synonyms: imperative, necessity

   Hyponyms: must-do, must-have, must-see

   Antonym: no-no

Descendants

• ? French: must

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.

Noun

must (plural musts)

1. The property of being stale or musty.
2. Something that exhibits the property of being stale or musty.
3. Fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes.
   • c. 1874, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ovid in Exile

     No sweet grape lies hidden here in the shade of its vine-leaves,
     No fermenting must fills and o'erflows the deep vats.

Translations

Verb

must (third-person singular simple present musts, present participle musting, simple past and past participle musted)

1. (transitive) To make musty.
2. (intransitive) To become musty.

Further reading

• must on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 3

From Persian ???? (mast, “drunk, inebriated”), from Middle Persian ????????????? (mast).

Noun

must (plural musts)

1. A time during which male elephants exhibit increased levels of sexual activity and aggressiveness (also spelled musth).
   • 1936, George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant, an essay in the magazine New Writing:

     It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one which had gone ‘must’.

2. An elephant in this sexual and aggressive state.

Anagrams

• MTUs, UMTS, smut, stum, tums

Dutch

Etymology

From English must, from the past tense of Proto-Germanic *m?tan?, whence native moeten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/

Noun

must m (plural musts)

1. a must (necessity, prerequisite)

   Synonym: moetje

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta. Cognate with Finnish musta, Veps must and Livonian must?. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-, compare Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?must/
• Hyphenation: must

Adjective

must (genitive musta, partitive musta, comparative mustem, superlative kõige mustem or mustim)

1. black (color)

2. Dark, without light, illumination (and poorly visible).
   1. Without snow.

3. Having dark skin.

4. Dirty, unclean, full of garbage and/or grime.
   1. Not requiring special skills, making something or someone dirty.

   Synonym: räpane

5. Grim, dreary, hopeless, without any (good) solution.
   1. Illegal, unofficial, disgraceful.

Declension

Noun

must (genitive musta, partitive musta)

1. The color black.

2. Something colored in black.

3. A person having dark skin.

Declension

Antonyms

• valge

Derived terms

• mustus
• mustuma
• mustendama
• mustenma
• mustama

Related terms

• must auk
• mustvalge
• musträstas
• süsimust
• must sõstar

See also

References

Finnish

Etymology 1

A variant of musta < minusta (“of me”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?must/, [?mus?t?]
• Rhymes: -ust
• Syllabification: must

Pronoun

must

1. (colloquial) elative singular of mä

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English must.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?st/, [?m?s?t?]

Noun

must

1. (colloquial) must (something mandatory or required)

Declension

• Not inflected.

Synonyms

• pakko; pakollinen juttu

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English must.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mœst/

Noun

must m (plural musts)

1. (informal) that which is compulsory; an obligation; duty; must

   Synonyms: essentiel, impératif
2. (often humorous) must-have (item that one must own)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?mu?t]
• Hyphenation: must
• Rhymes: -u?t

Noun

must (plural mustok)

1. must (sweet fresh grape juice that has not fermented yet)

Declension

Further reading

• must in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

must

1. black

Middle English

Alternative forms

• most, moste, moust, muste

Etymology

From Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /must/

Noun

must (uncountable)

1. must (wine that is not fully fermented)
2. (rare, with qualifier) fruit juice

Descendants

• English: must

References

• “must, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin mustum, from Proto-Indo-European *mus-, *mews- (“damp”).

Noun

must n (plural musturi)

1. unfermented wine; grape or other fruit juice
2. must (of grapes)

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• mustos
• must?rea??

See also

• zeam?, suc

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse muster, moster, from Latin mustum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/

Noun

must c (uncountable)

1. A kind of soft drink, more commonly known as julmust
3. Unfermented fruit juice

Declension

See also

• must on the Swedish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^sv

Anagrams

• stum, tums

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

must

1. black

Inflection

Derived terms

• musteta
• Mustmägi
• mustsil'mäine
• mustverine

Noun

must

1. black

Inflection

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007) , “??????”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovar? [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Volapük

Noun

must (nominative plural musts)

1. must (new wine; sweet cider)

Declension

Võro

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

must (genitive musta, partitive musta)

1. black (colour)

Inflection