different between sentence vs clause
sentence
English
Etymology
Borrowing from Middle French sentence, from Latin sententia (“way of thinking, opinion, sentiment”), from senti?ns, present participle of senti? (“to feel, think”); see sentient, sentience, sense, scent.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?s?nt?ns/
- (General American) IPA(key): [?s?ntn?t?s], [?s?n?n?t?s]
- (General American) IPA(key): [?s?ntn?t?s], [?s?n?n?t?s]
- Hyphenation: sen?tence
Noun
sentence (plural sentences)
- (dated) The decision or judgement of a jury or court; a verdict. [from 14th c.]
- The judicial order for a punishment to be imposed on a person convicted of a crime. [from 14th c.]
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,
- The murderer, he recalled, had been tried and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned by a merciful governor after serving a year of his sentence.
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,
- A punishment imposed on a person convicted of a crime.
- (obsolete) A saying, especially from a great person; a maxim, an apophthegm. [14th-19th c.]
- 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, Letter 206:
- I am told that she writes well, and that all her letters are full of sentences.
- 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, Letter 206:
- (grammar) A grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop. [from 15th c.]
- (logic) A formula with no free variables. [from 20th c.]
- (computing theory) Any of the set of strings that can be generated by a given formal grammar. [from 20th c.]
- (obsolete) Sense; meaning; significance.
- 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales. General Prologue:
- Noght o word spak he moore than was neede,
- And that was seyd in forme and reverence
- And short and quyk and ful of hy sentence ...
- 1649, John Milton, Eikonoklastes:
- now to the discourse itself, voluble enough, and full of sentence, but that, for the most part, either specious rather than solid, or to his cause nothing pertinent.
- 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales. General Prologue:
- (obsolete) One's opinion; manner of thinking. [14th-17th c.]
- 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book II:
- My sentence is for open war.
- 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book II:
- (now rare) A pronounced opinion or judgment on a given question. [from 14th c.]
- 1687, Francis Atterbury, An Answer to some Considerations, the Spirit of Martin Luther and the Original of the Reformation
- By them [Luther's works] we might pass sentence upon his doctrines.
- 1687, Francis Atterbury, An Answer to some Considerations, the Spirit of Martin Luther and the Original of the Reformation
Synonyms
- verdict
- conviction
Hypernyms
- (logic): formula
Hyponyms
- (grammar): affirmative sentence, complex sentence, compound sentence, conditional sentence, simple sentence
Related terms
- sentential
Translations
Verb
sentence (third-person singular simple present sentences, present participle sentencing, simple past and past participle sentenced)
- To declare a sentence on a convicted person; to doom; to condemn to punishment.
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,
- The murderer, he recalled, had been tried and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned by a merciful governor after serving a year of his sentence.
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, The House Behind the Cedars, Chapter I,
- (obsolete) To decree or announce as a sentence.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Shakespeare to this entry?)
- (obsolete) To utter sententiously.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Feltham to this entry?)
Translations
Further reading
- sentence in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- sentence in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?s?nt?nt?s?]
- Hyphenation: sen?ten?ce
Noun
sentence f
- sentence (formula with no free variables)
- sentence (grammar)
Declension
Synonyms
- (grammar): v?ta
French
Etymology
From Old French sentence, from Latin sententia.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s??.t??s/
Noun
sentence f (plural sentences)
- sentence
- verdict
- maxim, saying, adage
Latvian
Noun
sentence f (5th declension)
- aphorism
- maxim
Declension
Synonyms
- aforisms
- domu grauds
Middle French
Etymology
From Latin sententia.
Noun
sentence f (plural sentences)
- sentence (judgement; verdict)
- sentence (grammatically complete series of words)
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clause
English
Etymology
From Middle English clause, claus, borrowed from Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa (Latin diminutive clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”)), from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). See close.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kl??z/
- Rhymes: -??z
- Homophone: claws
Noun
clause (plural clauses)
- (grammar) A verb, its necessary grammatical arguments, and any adjuncts affecting them.
- (grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent.
- However, Coordination facts seem to undermine this hasty conclusion: thus, consider the following:
(43) [Your sister could go to College], but [would she get a degree?]
The second (italicised) conjunct is a Clause containing an inverted Auxiliary, would. Given our earlier assumptions that inverted Auxiliaries are in C, and that C is a constituent of S-bar, it follows that the italicised Clause in (43) must be an S-bar. But our familiar constraint on Coordination tells us that only constituents belonging to the same Category can be conjoined. Since the second Clause in (43) is clearly an S-bar, then it follows that the first Clause must also be an S-bar — one in which the C(omplementiser) position has been left empty.
- However, Coordination facts seem to undermine this hasty conclusion: thus, consider the following:
- (law) A separate part of a contract, a will or another legal document.
Usage notes
In “When it got dark, they went back into the house”, “When it got dark” is a dependent clause within the complete sentence. The independent clause “they went back into the house” could stand alone as a sentence, whereas the dependent clause could not.
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Related terms
- close
Translations
Verb
clause (third-person singular simple present clauses, present participle clausing, simple past and past participle claused)
- (transitive, shipping) To amend (a bill of lading or similar document).
Further reading
- clause in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- clause in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- Caelus, secula
French
Etymology
From Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa.
Noun
clause f (plural clauses)
- clause
Latin
Participle
clause
- vocative masculine singular of clausus
Middle English
Alternative forms
- clawse, claus
Etymology
From Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?klau?z(?)/
Noun
clause (plural clauses)
- sentence, clause
- statement, line (of a text)
- writing, text, document, letter
- A section or portion of a text; a part of a series of quotes
- (law) A clause, term, or consideration; a section in a legal document.
Descendants
- English: clause
References
- “clause, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-23.
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