different between clause vs argument
clause
English
Etymology
From Middle English clause, claus, borrowed from Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa (Latin diminutive clausula (“close, end; a clause, close of a period”)), from Latin clausus, past participle of claudere (“to shut, close”). See close.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kl??z/
- Rhymes: -??z
- Homophone: claws
Noun
clause (plural clauses)
- (grammar) A verb, its necessary grammatical arguments, and any adjuncts affecting them.
- (grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent.
- However, Coordination facts seem to undermine this hasty conclusion: thus, consider the following:
(43) [Your sister could go to College], but [would she get a degree?]
The second (italicised) conjunct is a Clause containing an inverted Auxiliary, would. Given our earlier assumptions that inverted Auxiliaries are in C, and that C is a constituent of S-bar, it follows that the italicised Clause in (43) must be an S-bar. But our familiar constraint on Coordination tells us that only constituents belonging to the same Category can be conjoined. Since the second Clause in (43) is clearly an S-bar, then it follows that the first Clause must also be an S-bar — one in which the C(omplementiser) position has been left empty.
- However, Coordination facts seem to undermine this hasty conclusion: thus, consider the following:
- (law) A separate part of a contract, a will or another legal document.
Usage notes
In “When it got dark, they went back into the house”, “When it got dark” is a dependent clause within the complete sentence. The independent clause “they went back into the house” could stand alone as a sentence, whereas the dependent clause could not.
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Related terms
- close
Translations
Verb
clause (third-person singular simple present clauses, present participle clausing, simple past and past participle claused)
- (transitive, shipping) To amend (a bill of lading or similar document).
Further reading
- clause in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- clause in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- Caelus, secula
French
Etymology
From Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa.
Noun
clause f (plural clauses)
- clause
Latin
Participle
clause
- vocative masculine singular of clausus
Middle English
Alternative forms
- clawse, claus
Etymology
From Old French clause, from Medieval Latin clausa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?klau?z(?)/
Noun
clause (plural clauses)
- sentence, clause
- statement, line (of a text)
- writing, text, document, letter
- A section or portion of a text; a part of a series of quotes
- (law) A clause, term, or consideration; a section in a legal document.
Descendants
- English: clause
References
- “clause, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-23.
clause From the web:
- what clause is in the 14th amendment
- what clause is the elastic clause
- what clause is freedom of speech
- what clauses are in a complex sentence
- what clause in the constitution empowers the states
- what clauses are in the first amendment
- what clause is included in the 14th amendment
- what clause is implied powers
argument
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /????j?m?nt/
- (General American) IPA(key): /????j?m?nt/, /-?ju-/, /-?j?-/
- Hyphenation: ar?gu?ment
Etymology 1
From Middle English argument, from Anglo-Norman and Old French arguement, from Latin arg?mentum (“argument (for a position); evidence, proof; point, theme; thesis, topic; plot (in theatre)”), from arguere + -mentum (suffix indicating the instrument, medium, or result of something). Arguere is the present active infinitive of argu? (“to argue, assert, declare; to make clear, prove, show; to accuse, charge with, reprove; to blame, censure; to denounce as false”), either ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?er?- (“silver, white; glittering”), or from Hittite [script needed] (arkuw?(i)-, “to make a plea, state one’s case”). The English word is analysable as argue +? -ment.
Noun
argument (countable and uncountable, plural arguments)
- (countable, also figuratively) A fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:argument
- (logic, philosophy) A series of propositions organized so that the final proposition is a conclusion which is intended to follow logically from the preceding propositions, which function as premises.
- (countable) A process of reasoning; argumentation.
- (countable) An abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, or poem; (figuratively) the contents themselves.
- (countable) A verbal dispute; a quarrel.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:dispute
- (countable, linguistics) Any of the phrases that bears a syntactic connection to the verb of a clause.
- (countable, mathematics)
- The independent variable of a function.
- The phase of a complex number.
- (also astronomy) A quantity on which the calculation of another quantity depends.
- (countable, programming)
- A value, or a reference to a value, passed to a function.
- Synonyms: actual argument, passed parameter
- A parameter at a function call; an actual parameter, as opposed to a formal parameter.
- A value, or a reference to a value, passed to a function.
- (countable, obsolete)
- A matter in question; a business in hand.
- The subject matter of an artistic representation, discourse, or writing; a theme or topic.
- A matter in question; a business in hand.
- (uncountable, archaic) Evidence, proof; (countable) an item of such evidence or proof.
Usage notes
- Adjectives often used with argument: valid, invalid, correct, incorrect, right, wrong, strong, weak, convincing, unconvincing, conclusive, inconclusive, fallacious, simple, straightforward, inductive, deductive, logical, illogical, absurd, specious, flawed.
- (parameter at a function call): some authors regard the use of argument to mean “formal parameter” to be imprecise, preferring that argument be used to refer only to the value that is used to instantiate the parameter at runtime, while parameter refers only to the name in the function definition that will be instantiated.
Alternative forms
- arguement (obsolete)
Meronyms
- (logic): conclusion, premise, proposition
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Etymology 2
The obsolete senses are derived from Middle English argumenten (“to argue, discuss; to consider, reflect”), from Old French argumenter (“to argue”), from Latin arg?ment?r?, the present active infinitive of arg?mentor (“to adduce arguments or proof, prove, reason; to adduce (something) as argument or proof; to conclude”), from arg?mentum (“argument (for a position); evidence, proof; point, theme; thesis, topic; plot (in theatre)”) (see further at etymology 1) +? -or (the first-person singular present passive indicative of -? (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).
The current sense is derived from the noun.
Verb
argument (third-person singular simple present arguments, present participle argumenting, simple past and past participle argumented)
- (intransitive, obsolete, now nonstandard, non-native speakers' English) To put forward as an argument; to argue.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To adduce evidence, to provide proof.
Conjugation
References
Further reading
- argument on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument of a function on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument (literature) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument (linguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- argument in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- argument in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin arg?mentum.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /??.?u?ment/
- (Central) IPA(key): /?r.?u?men/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /a?.?u?ment/
Noun
argument m (plural arguments)
- argument (reason)
- (computing) argument
- plot, storyline
- (mathematics) argument
- (grammar) argument
Related terms
- argumentar
Further reading
- “argument” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “argument” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “argument” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “argument” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?ar?um?nt]
Noun
argument m
- argument (fact or statement used to support a proposition)
Declension
Derived terms
- pseudoargument
- protiargument
Related terms
- argumentace
See also
- parametr m
Further reading
- argument in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
- argument in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Noun
argument n (singular definite argumentet, plural indefinite argumenter)
- argument
Declension
Related terms
- argumentere
References
- “argument” in Den Danske Ordbog
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin arg?mentum, from argu? (“prove, argue”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a?.?y.m??/
Noun
argument m (plural arguments)
- argument
- (grammar) argument of a verb, phrase syntactically connected to a verb (object and subject)
Derived terms
- argumentaire
- argumenter
- argumentation
Related terms
- arguer
See also
- (grammar): valence
Further reading
- “argument” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin argumentum
Noun
argument n (definite singular argumentet, indefinite plural argument or argumenter, definite plural argumenta or argumentene)
- argument
Related terms
- argumentere
- argumentasjon
References
- “argument” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin argumentum
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r???m?nt/
Noun
argument n (definite singular argumentet, indefinite plural argument, definite plural argumenta)
- argument
Related terms
- argumentasjon
References
- “argument” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Etymology
From Latin arg?mentum
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ar??u.m?nt/
Noun
argument m inan
- point, argument (fact or statement used to support a proposition)
- (philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument
Declension
Synonyms
- uzasadnienie, racja, pod?o?e, podstawa, przes?anka, powód,
- dowód, operand, parametr
Related terms
- argumentacja
Further reading
- argument in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From French argument, from Latin argumentum.
Noun
argument n (plural argumente)
- argument
Declension
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ar??ment/
- Hyphenation: ar?gu?ment
Noun
argùment m (Cyrillic spelling ?????????)
- argument (fact or statement used to support a proposition)
- (philosophy, logic, mathematics, programming) argument
Declension
Swedish
Pronunciation
Noun
argument n
- an argument supporting a stance
- (mathematics) an argument; an independent variable passed to a function
- (programming) an argument; a variable passed to a function
Declension
argument From the web:
- what argument was the king making
- what argument is this poster making
- what argument is frisch making
- what argument best responds to citizens
- what is king's main argument
- what is the basis for king's argument
- which king was the mad king
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