different between rail vs castigate
rail
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?e?l/, [?e??]
- Rhymes: -e?l
Etymology 1
From Middle English rail, rayl, *re?el, *re?ol (found in re?olsticke (“a ruler”)), partly from Old English regol (“a ruler, straight bar”) and partly from Old French reille; both from Latin regula (“rule, bar”), from regere (“to rule, to guide, to govern”); see regular.
Noun
rail (plural rails)
- A horizontal bar extending between supports and used for support or as a barrier; a railing.
- The metal bar that makes the track for a railroad.
- A railroad; a railway, as a means of transportation.
- A horizontal piece of wood that serves to separate sections of a door or window.
- (surfing) One of the lengthwise edges of a surfboard.
- c. 2000, Nick Carroll, surfline.com [1]:
- Rails alone can only ever have a marginal effect on a board's general turning ability.
- c. 2000, Nick Carroll, surfline.com [1]:
- (Internet) A vertical section on one side of a web page.
- (drugs) A large line (portion or serving of a powdery illegal drug).
- 2013, Jason Isbell, "Super 8":
- Do a couple rails and chase your own tail
- 2013, Jason Isbell, "Super 8":
Derived terms
Descendants
Translations
Verb
rail (third-person singular simple present rails, present participle railing, simple past and past participle railed)
- (intransitive) To travel by railway.
- 1890, Rudyard Kipling, At the End of the Passage
- Mottram of the Indian Survey had ridden thirty and railed one hundred miles from his lonely post in the desert […]
- 1890, Rudyard Kipling, At the End of the Passage
- (transitive) To enclose with rails or a railing.
- 1726, John Ayliffe, Parergon juris canonici Anglicani
- It ought to be fenced in and railed.
- 1726, John Ayliffe, Parergon juris canonici Anglicani
- (transitive) To range in a line.
- They were brought to London all railed in ropes, like a team of horses in a cart.
Derived terms
- unrail
Translations
Etymology 2
From French râle, Old French rasle. Compare Medieval Latin rallus. Named from its harsh cry, Vulgar Latin *rasculum, from Latin r?dere (“to scrape”).
Noun
rail (plural rails)
Wikispecies
- Any of several birds in the family Rallidae.
Usage notes
- Not all birds in the family Rallidae are rails by their common name. The family also includes coots, moorhens, crakes, flufftails, waterhens and others.
Derived terms
- Aztec rail
- banded rail
- buff-banded rail
- clapper rail
- king rail
- mangrove rail
- Mexican rail
- Okinawa rail
- Ridgway's rail
- water rail
Related terms
- ralline
Translations
See also
- corncrake
Etymology 3
From Middle French railler.
Verb
rail (third-person singular simple present rails, present participle railing, simple past and past participle railed)
- To complain violently (against, about).
- 1623, William Shakespeare, "The Merchant of Venice" (First folio)
- Till thou canst raile the seale from off my bond
Thou but offend'st thy Lungs to speake so loud:
Repaire thy wit good youth, or it will fall
To endlesse ruine. I stand heere for Law.
- Till thou canst raile the seale from off my bond
- 1882, Mark Twain, The Stolen White Elephant, [2]
- Now that the detectives were in adversity, the newspapers turned upon them, and began to fling the most stinging sarcasms at them. This gave the minstrels an idea, and they dressed themselves as detectives and hunted the elephant on the stage in the most extravagant way. The caricaturists made pictures of detectives scanning the country with spy-glasses, while the elephant, at their backs, stole apples out of their pockets. And they made all sorts of ridiculous pictures of the detective badge—you have seen that badge printed in gold on the back of detective novels no doubt, it is a wide-staring eye, with the legend, “WE NEVER SLEEP.” When detectives called for a drink, the would-be facetious barkeeper resurrected an obsolete form of expression and said, “Will you have an eye-opener?” All the air was thick with sarcasms. But there was one man who moved calm, untouched, unaffected, through it all. It was that heart of oak, the chief inspector. His brave eye never drooped, his serene confidence never wavered. He always said: “Let them rail on; he laughs best who laughs last.”
- 1910, "Saki", H. H. Munro, The Bag,[3]
- The Major’s fury clothed and reclothed itself in words as frantically as a woman up in town for one day’s shopping tries on a succession of garments. He reviled and railed at fate and the general scheme of things, he pitied himself with a strong, deep pity too poignent for tears, he condemned every one with whom he had ever come in contact to endless and abnormal punishments.
- 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 27:
- Chief Joyi railed against the white man, whom he believed had deliberately sundered the Xhosa tribe, dividing brother from brother.
- 1623, William Shakespeare, "The Merchant of Venice" (First folio)
Translations
Etymology 4
From Middle English rail, reil, from Old English hræ?l (“garment, dress, robe”). Cognate with Old Frisian hreil, reil, Old Saxon hregil, Old High German hregil (“clothing, garment, dress”).
Alternative forms
- rayle
Noun
rail (plural rails)
- (obsolete) An item of clothing; a cloak or other garment; a dress.
- (obsolete) Specifically, a woman's headscarf or neckerchief.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Fairholt to this entry?)
Derived terms
- night-rail
Etymology 5
Probably from Anglo-Norman raier, Middle French raier.
Verb
rail (third-person singular simple present rails, present participle railing, simple past and past participle railed)
- (obsolete, of a liquid) To gush, flow.
- his breste and his brayle was bloodé – and hit rayled all over the see.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, IV.2:
- So furiously each other did assayle, / As if their soules they would attonce haue rent / Out of their brests, that streames of bloud did rayle / Adowne, as if their springes of life were spent […].
See also
- ride the rail
Anagrams
- Lair, aril, lair, lari, liar, lira, rial
Catalan
Alternative forms
- raïl (superseded)
Etymology
Borrowed from English rail.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /?rajl/
Noun
rail m (plural rails)
- rail
- Synonym: carril
Further reading
- “rail” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from English rail.
Pronunciation
- (Belgium) IPA(key): /rel/
- (Netherlands) IPA(key): /re?l/
Noun
rail f (plural rails, diminutive railsje n or railtje n)
- rail
Usage notes
The diminutive railsjes is only used if used for railway tracks.
Descendants
- ? Indonesian: rel
References
French
Etymology
From English rail.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?aj/
- Homophone: raï
Noun
rail m (plural rails)
- rail
Further reading
- “rail” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- lira
Spanish
Noun
rail m (plural railes)
- (rare) Alternative form of raíl
Further reading
- “rail” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
rail From the web:
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castigate
English
Etymology
Early 17th cent., borrowed from Latin cast?g?tus, past participle of cast?g? (“I reprove”), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *kesa (“cut”). Doublet of chastise, taken through Old French. See also chaste.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA(key): /?kæs.t?.?e?t/, /?kæs.t?.?e?t/
Verb
castigate (third-person singular simple present castigates, present participle castigating, simple past and past participle castigated)
- (transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely.
- 1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, p. 264:
- Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.
- 1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, p. 264:
- (transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.
- 2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, p. 150:
- But despite all this, for Barkan, the universalist notion of an 'Ottoman feudalism' was anathema: he castigated this idea as the concentrated expression of the anti-Ottomanism of the Kemalist Enlightenment.
- 2001, Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone, Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press, p. 59:
- Lewis should have castigated the reasoning employed rather than the emotion, which offers no clue as to which side of the argument a person will adopt.
- 2012, James King, Under Foreign Eyes: Western Cinematic Adaptations of Postwar Japan, John Hunt Publishing, p. 1:
- From the outset, this issue becomes an often double-edged sword wherein Japan is both valorized and castigated.
- 2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, p. 150:
- (transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication.
Synonyms
- (to punish severely): chastise, punish, rebuke, reprimand
- (to criticize severely): condemn, lambaste
- (to revise a publication): correct, revise
- See also Thesaurus:reprehend
Translations
References
Italian
Adjective
castigate
- feminine plural of castigato
Verb
castigate
- second-person plural present indicative of castigare
- second-person plural imperative of castigare
- feminine plural of castigato
Latin
Verb
cast?g?te
- second-person plural present active imperative of cast?g?
References
- castigate in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
castigate From the web:
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