different between rack vs rag

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?æk/
• Rhymes: -æk
• Homophone: wrack

Etymology 1

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. A series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other
2. Any of various kinds of frame for holding luggage or other objects on a vehicle or vessel.

   Synonym: luggage rack

3. (historical) A device, incorporating a ratchet, used to torture victims by stretching them beyond their natural limits.
4. (nautical) A piece or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes.

   Synonym: rack block

5. (nautical, slang) A bunk.
6. (nautical, by extension, slang, uncountable) Sleep.
7. A distaff.
8. (mechanical engineering) A bar with teeth on its face or edge, to work with those of a gearwheel, pinion#, or worm, which is to drive or be driven by it.
9. (mechanical engineering) A bar with teeth on its face or edge, to work with a pawl as a ratchet allowing movement in one direction only, used for example in a handbrake or crossbow.
10. A cranequin, a mechanism including a rack, pinion and pawl, providing both mechanical advantage and a ratchet, used to bend and cock a crossbow.
11. A set of antlers (as on deer, moose or elk).
12. A cut of meat involving several adjacent ribs.

13. (billiards, snooker) A hollow triangle used for aligning the balls at the start of a game.
14. (slang, vulgar) A woman's breasts.

    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:breasts

15. (climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded.

16. (climbing, slang) A climber's set of equipment for setting up protection and belays, consisting of runners, slings, carabiners, nuts, Friends, etc.

17. A grate on which bacon is laid.
18. (obsolete) That which is extorted; exaction.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Sir E. Sandys to this entry?)

19. (algebra) A set with a distributive binary operation whose result is unique.
20. (Britain, slang) A thousand pounds (£1,000), especially if proceeds of crime

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. To place in or hang on a rack.
2. To torture (someone) on the rack.
   • 1563, John Foxe, Actes and Monuments

     He was racked and miserably tormented.

   • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin 2012, p. 228:

     As the poet Sir Thomas Wyatt later recalled, his father, Henry VII's jewel-house keeper Henry Wyatt, had been racked on the orders of Richard III, who had sat there and watched.

3. To cause (someone) to suffer pain.
4. (figuratively) To stretch or strain; to harass, or oppress by extortion.
   • The landlords there most shamefully rack their tenants.

   • 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times

     Grant that I may never rack a Scripture simile beyond the true intent thereof

5. (billiards, snooker, pool) To put the balls into the triangular rack and set them in place on the table.

   Synonym: rack up

6. (slang, transitive) To strike (a person) in the testicles.
7. (firearms) To (manually) load (a round of ammunition) from the magazine or belt into firing position in an automatic or semiautomatic firearm.
8. (firearms) To move the slide bar on a shotgun in order to chamber the next round.
9. (mining) To wash (metals, ore, etc.) on a rack.
10. (nautical) To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.
11. (structural engineering) Tending to shear a structure (that is, force it to move in different directions at different points).

    Synonym: shear

Usage notes

In senses “torture” and “suffer pain”, frequently confused with wrack (“destroy”) (more rarely, wrack (“wreckage”)), both as stand-alone verb and in compounds. In most uses, rack is correct, and wrack is incorrect. Etymologically, nerve-racking (“stressful”), pain-racked, and rack one's brain, rack one's brains (“think hard”) are correct, while rack and ruin and storm-racked are incorrect, variants of wrack and ruin (“complete destruction”) and storm-wracked (“wrecked by a storm”).

Usage guidance differs: either prefer the etymologically correct term, prefer rack to (archaic) wrack, or use either. The etymologically correct forms are preferred by some style guides, but the unetymological forms are well-established and in wide use, and other style guides simply consider them variant spellings. Other style guides categorically ban wrack as archaic, suggesting modern synonyms like wreck, ruin, or destroy. In some cases style guides are confused by the etymology, or feature unhistorical forms such as nerve-wracking.

This confusion dates to Early Modern English in the 16th century (as in rack and ruin), and is presumably due to the influence of ?wr? in words such as wreak, wreck, wrench, etc., which connote discomfort and torment. Formally termed the graphaesthesia of the graphaestheme ?wr?, since identical sound /r/ to ?r?; compare with phonaesthesia. Compare rapt/wrapt, and also ?gh? as in ghost, ghastly, ghoul.

Derived terms

• nerve-racking
• pain-racked
• rack one's brain, rack one's brains

Translations

Etymology 2

From Old English re??an (“to stretch out, extend”).

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. To stretch a person's joints.

Derived terms

• rack one's brain

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English reken, from Old Norse reka (“to be drifted, tost”)

The noun is from Middle English rak, rakke, from Middle English rek (“drift; thing tossed ashore; jetsam”), from the verb.

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. To drive; move; go forward rapidly; stir
2. To fly, as vapour or broken clouds

Translations

Noun

rack (uncountable)

1. Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapour in the sky.
   • 1851, Charles Kingsley, Three Fishers

     And the night rack came rolling up.

   • 1607, William Shakespeare, Antony and Cleopatra, Act IV, scene 14

     Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish ... That which is now a horse ... The rack dislimns, and makes it indistinct

Etymology 4

From Middle English rakken.

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. (brewing) To clarify, and thereby deter further fermentation of, beer, wine or cider by draining or siphoning it from the dregs.

Translations

Etymology 5

See rack (“that which stretches”), or rock (verb).

Verb

rack (third-person singular simple present racks, present participle racking, simple past and past participle racked)

1. (of a horse) To amble fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Fuller to this entry?)

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. A fast amble.

Etymology 6

See wreck.

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. (obsolete) A wreck; destruction.

   • All goes to rack.

Derived terms

• rack and ruin

Etymology 7

Noun

rack (plural racks)

1. (obsolete) A young rabbit, or its skin.

Etymology 8

Noun

rack

1. Alternative form of arak

References

Further reading

• rack on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• rack (billiards) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• cark

Spanish

Noun

rack m (plural racks)

1. rack

English

Pronunciation

• (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?æ?/
• Rhymes: -æ?

Etymology 1

From Middle English ragge, from Old English ragg (suggested by derivative raggi? (“shaggy; bristly; ragged”)), from Old Norse r?gg (“tuft; shagginess”). Cognate with Swedish ragg. Related to rug.

Noun

rag (plural rags)

1. (in the plural) Tattered clothes.
2. A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.
3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
4. A ragged edge in metalworking.
5. (nautical, slang) A sail, or any piece of canvas.
6. (singular or plural, slang) Sanitary napkins, pads, or other materials used to absorb menstrual discharge.
7. (slang, derogatory) A newspaper or magazine, especially one whose journalism is considered to be of poor quality.

   Synonym: fish wrap
8. (poker) A poor, low-ranking kicker.

   I have ace-four on my hand. In other words, I have ace-rag.

9. (slang, theater) A curtain of various kinds.
10. (dated) A person suffering from exhaustion or lack of energy.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. (transitive) To decorate (a wall, etc.) by applying paint with a rag.
2. (intransitive) To become tattered.

Etymology 2

Unknown origin; perhaps the same word as Etymology 1, above.

Noun

rag (plural rags)

1. A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture; ragstone.
   • 2003, Peter Ackroyd, The Clerkenwell Tales, page 1:

     the three walls around the garden, each one of thirty-three feet, were built out of three layers of stone — pebble stone, flint and rag stone.

Derived terms

• coral rag
• Kentish rag
• ragwork

Verb

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.
2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.

Etymology 3

Origin uncertain.

Verb

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. To scold or tell off; to torment; to banter.
2. (Britain slang) To drive a car or another vehicle in a hard, fast or unsympathetic manner.
3. To tease or torment, especially at a university; to bully, to haze.

Derived terms

• bullirag
• rag the puck
• rag on

Translations

Noun

rag (plural rags)

1. (dated) A prank or practical joke.
2. (Britain, Ireland) A society run by university students for the purpose of charitable fundraising.

Derived terms

• rag day
• rag week

Etymology 4

Perhaps from ragged. Compare later ragtime.

Noun

rag (plural rags)

1. (obsolete, US) An informal dance party featuring music played by African-American string bands. [19th c.]
2. A ragtime song, dance or piece of music. [from 19th c.]

Translations

Verb

rag (third-person singular simple present rags, present participle ragging, simple past and past participle ragged)

1. (transitive, informal) To play or compose (a piece, melody, etc.) in syncopated time.
2. (intransitive, informal) To dance to ragtime music.
3. (music, obsolete) To add syncopation (to a tune) and thereby make it appropriate for a ragtime song.

References

Anagrams

• ARG, Arg., GAR, Gra, RGA, arg, gar

Breton

Preposition

rag

1. before

Dutch

Etymology 1

Unknown, only found to related to West Frisian reach, though possibly more distantly to Old Saxon raginna (“rough hair”), Old English ragu (“moss”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?x/

Noun

rag n (plural raggen, diminutive ragje n)

1. spider silk

Synonyms

• spinrag

Derived terms

• ragfijn

Etymology 2

From English rag.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?r??/

Noun

rag n (plural rags, diminutive ragje n)

1. A piece of ragtime music.

German

Verb

rag

1. singular imperative of ragen
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of ragen

Hungarian

Etymology

Back-formation from ragad. Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?r??]
• Hyphenation: rag
• Rhymes: -??

Noun

rag (plural ragok)

1. (grammar) inflectional suffix/affix, termination, ending (for nominals, mostly case endings; for verbs and postpositions, personal suffixes; almost exclusively at the very end of a word in Hungarian)

   Hypernym: toldalék

   Coordinate terms: képz?, jel

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Further reading

• (suffix): rag in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
• ([regional] a kind of beam or a part of the roof): rag in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

North Frisian

Noun

rag m (plural rager)

1. (Föhr-Amrum) (anatomy) back

Scottish Gaelic

Adjective

rag

1. stiff, rigid, inflexible
2. stubborn, obstinate

Derived terms

• rag-mhuinealach

Somali

Noun

rag ?

1. man

Zhuang

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /?a?k?/
• Tone numbers: rag⁸
• Hyphenation: rag

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *C?.ra?k? (“root”). Cognate with Thai ??? (râak), Northern Thai ????, Khün ????, Lao ??? (h?k), Lü ??? (haak), Tai Dam ???, Shan ????? (h?ak), Ahom ???????????? (rak), Nong Zhuang laeg, Zuojiang Zhuang lag, Saek ????.

Noun

rag (old orthography rag)

1. root.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Tai *C?.la?k? (“to pull; to drag”). Cognate with Thai ??? (lâak), Lao ??? (l?k), Shan ????? (l?ak), Ahom ???????????? (lak), Nong Zhuang laeg, Zuojiang Zhuang lag.

Verb

rag (old orthography rag)

1. to drag; to pull; to haul.