different between punishing vs brutal

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?n????/

Adjective

punishing (comparative more punishing, superlative most punishing)

1. That punishes physically and/or mentally; arduous, gruelling, demanding.
   • 2010, Kathleen C. Winters, Amelia Earhart: The Turbulent Life of an American Icon, St. Martin's Press (?ISBN), page 90

     Upon Amelia's return from the West Coast in October, George presented her with a punishing schedule of lectures and appointments to promote the new book and solidify her position as America's foremost woman aviator.

   • 2013, Grace Young, Alan Richardson, The Breath of a Wok, Simon and Schuster (?ISBN), page 100

     Regardless of the punishing heat and physicality, restaurant cooking is a calling many Chinese chefs cannot deny.

   • 2016, Tamara Gill, Only an Earl Will Do, Entangled: Select Historical (?ISBN)

     They took off at a punishing speed, making London in less than half a day.

2. (figuratively) Debilitating, harsh.
   • 1999, Edward Gonzalez, Richard Nuccio, Rand Corporation. National Security Research Division, The Rand Forum on Cuba, Rand Corp

     Others argued that the worst of all outcomes after 40 years of a punishing embargo would be for the United States to adopt policies that might extend the life of a dictatorial regime.

   • 2010, Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Globalization at Risk, Yale University Press (?ISBN)

     Public debt of this magnitude can provoke punishing tax rates and crowd out private investment.

   • 2016, David J. Sanger, Derek E. Blackman, Aspects of Psychopharmacology, Routledge (?ISBN)

     The apparent punishing effect of naloxone may be mediated through the withdrawal reaction that it produces[.]

Derived terms

• punishingly

Translations

Noun

punishing (plural punishings)

1. Punishment.
   • 2011, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Practical Theology (page 303)

     We may not be convinced that God is as involved in historical punishings as the prophet claims, and we may have a strong negative reaction to the claims made for how God acts […]

Verb

punishing

1. present participle of punish

English

Etymology

From Medieval Latin brutalis (“savage, stupid”), from Latin br?tus (“dull, stupid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?u?t?l/
• Rhymes: -u?t?l

Adjective

brutal (comparative more brutal, superlative most brutal)

2. Savagely violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel
3. Crude or unfeeling in manner or speech.
4. Harsh; unrelenting
5. Disagreeably precise or penetrating
6. (music, figuratively) In extreme metal, to describe the speed of the music and the density of riffs.
7. Direct and without attempt to disguise unpleasantness.

Synonyms

• barbaric
• cold-blooded
• savage
• vicious

Antonyms

• gentle
• kind

Related terms

• brutality
• brutally
• brute
• brutish

Translations

Further reading

• brutal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• brutal in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• brutal at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Brault

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin brutalis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /b?u?tal/

Adjective

brutal (masculine and feminine plural brutals)

1. brutal

Derived terms

• brutalisme
• brutalitat
• brutalment

Related terms

• brut

Further reading

• “brutal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Danish

Etymology

From French brutal, from Latin br?tus (“dull, stupid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bruta?l/, [b??u?t?æ??l]

Adjective

brutal

1. brutal
2. savage

Inflection

Derived terms

• brutalitet

French

Etymology

From Medieval Latin br?t?lis (“savage, stupid”), from br?tus (“dull, stupid”). See brut and -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?y.tal/

Adjective

brutal (feminine singular brutale, masculine plural brutaux, feminine plural brutales)

1. brutal

Noun

brutal m (plural brutaux, feminine brutale)

1. person who acts brutally

Derived terms

• brutalement
• brutaliser
• brutalité

Further reading

• “brutal” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• brulât, brûlât

German

Etymology

From Latin brutalis, from brutus (“dull, stupid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?u?ta?l/
• Rhymes: -a?l

Adjective

brutal (comparative brutaler, superlative am brutalsten)

1. brutal

Declension

Synonyms

• barbarisch
• kaltblütig

Antonyms

• freundlich

Related terms

• Brutalität

Further reading

• “brutal” in Duden online

Indonesian

Etymology

From English brutal, from Medieval Latin brutalis (“savage, stupid”), from Latin br?tus (“dull, stupid”). Doublet of bruto, guru.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?brutal]
• Hyphenation: bru?tal

Adjective

brutal (plural brutal-brutal)

1. (colloquial) brutal
   1. violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel.

      Synonym: kejam

   2. harsh; unrelenting.

      Synonym: kasar

Further reading

• “brutal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin brutus, via French brutal.

Adjective

brutal (neuter singular brutalt, definite singular and plural brutale)

1. brutal

Related terms

• brutalitet

References

• “brutal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin brutus, via French brutal.

Adjective

brutal (neuter singular brutalt, definite singular and plural brutale)

1. brutal

Related terms

• brutalitet

References

• “brutal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Alternative forms

• brutau (Limousin)

Adjective

brutal m (feminine singular brutala, masculine plural brutals, feminine plural brutalas) (Languedoc)

1. brutal

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2016, page 132.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin brutalis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /b?u?ta?/
• Hyphenation: bru?tal

Adjective

brutal m or f (plural brutais, comparable)

1. brutal, brutish
2. (colloquial) huge
3. (colloquial) fantastic, extraordinary

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin brutalis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bru?tal/

Adjective

brutal m or n (feminine singular brutal?, masculine plural brutali, feminine and neuter plural brutale)

1. brutal

Declension

Related terms

• brut
• brutalitate
• brutaliza
• brutalizare

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin br?t?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?u?tal/, [b?u?t?al]

Adjective

brutal (plural brutales)

1. brutal

Derived terms

• brutalidad
• brutalismo
• brutalizar
• brutalmente

Related terms

• bruto

Further reading

• “brutal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Etymology

From French brutal from Medieval Latin brutalis, from br?tus.

Pronunciation

Adjective

brutal (comparative brutalare, superlative brutalast)

1. brutal

Declension

Related terms

• brutalisera

Anagrams

• bultar